Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
So much for the post-armistice care of the wounded and otherwise
disabled. The other principal phase of welfare work for the Army after
the armistice had to do with the able-bodied soldiers; and, concretely,
it meant getting jobs for them. The War Department did not regard a
soldier as completely demobilized until he was once more placed in an
occupation in civilian life. The Department could exercise no authority
over the veteran once he had received his discharge, but it could and
did exercise a friendly solicitude as to his economic future. Therefore
the War Department led a nation-wide movement under the slogan, “Jobs
for Soldiers”--and that meant jobs for approximately 4,000,000 men
thrown suddenly into the labor market just at the time when industry
was going through the critical transition from war to peace.
In demobilizing the men of the Army, the War Department adopted a
policy the diametric opposite of the British policy of discharging
soldiers by trades as they were needed in industry. With our enormous
and varied industry, we had everything in our favor to make a success
of the industrial plan of troop demobilization; but, nevertheless, the
War Department settled upon the questionable policy of discharging
the troops by military units, regardless of the effect such a policy
might have upon general industrial conditions. As it was, the United
States faced an economic crisis in the transition of its war industry,
and to inundate the country with unemployed ex-soldiers was only to
add to the difficulties of those who were trying to bring industry
safely through the readjustment. Later on, the War Department modified
its policy by providing that any soldier who faced unemployment after
discharge might, upon his own request, be held in the service for a
reasonable time while he tried to locate a job for himself in civilian
life, and that, on the other hand, if work were waiting for any man not
yet in line for immediate discharge, such a man might, upon submitting
proper proof that there was a civilian demand for his services, receive
his discharge forthwith. The Department permitted officers to take
thirty-day leaves of absence with pay while they sought work.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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