Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
The men of the A. E. F. came in contact with the Government’s
employment organization before they left foreign soil. The United
States Employment Service sent several representatives to France
soon after the armistice. These advance agents carried cards, which
were distributed to the troops of the expedition as they came to the
embarkation ports in France. With the cards went the Government’s
assurance that it would use every effort to restore every soldier to a
useful place in civil life. Any soldier who desired to avail himself
of these good offices was instructed to fill in a card during his
voyage home, telling his qualifications, what sort of job he desired,
and where he wished to be employed. Hundreds of thousands of these
cards were collected by the federal employment agents at the ports of
debarkation in this country. The cards were sorted and sent to the
proper local employment bureaus throughout the United States. Thousands
of men were engaged for work before they received their discharges. The
fact that jobs were waiting for them undoubtedly helped to avert the
congregating of idle service men in cities after they had been turned
off at the demobilization centers.
The overseas soldier had been serving his country for a dollar a day
while others had stayed at home in bomb-proof jobs and drawn the
highest wages ever paid in America. The returning veteran often felt,
and felt justly, that it was his turn now to reap some of the financial
rewards. Travel had broadened these boys; the harsh experiences of
war had sobered them and often quickened their ambition. Such men
were not content to go back to the jobs they had left in 1917 and
1918. They demanded something better, and often they got it, because
employers were prone to accept their point of view. Events justified
this attitude, too, as was testified to in hundreds of letters received
by the employment bureaus from satisfied employers, who wrote that the
demobilized soldiers were better and more ambitious workmen for their
war experiences.
[Illustration:
_Photo from Federal Board for Vocational Education_
DISABLED VETERANS TAKING FEDERAL TRAINING]
[Illustration:
_Photo by Signal Corps_
EDITORIAL CONFERENCE OF _STARS AND STRIPES_]
The success of the reëmployment campaign was largely an achievement for
publicity. The publicity was directed both to the soldier and to the
employer. For reaching the soldier one of the most valuable devices
proved to be a booklet entitled _Where Do We Go from Here?_, written by
Major William Brown Meloney. This pamphlet was filled with good advice
for the demobilized soldier. It took into account his stirred ambition,
but showed how impossible it was for every man to get the place in
civil life he desired, and therefore urged each man to take what job he
could get and make the most of it. The War Camp Community Service
printed and distributed 3,000,000 copies of this booklet.
[Illustration:
_Photo by Signal Corps_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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