Footnote 51: By Mumia is here understood, that which was used by some ancient physicians for some kind of implanted spirit, found chiefly in carcases, when the infused spirit is fled; or kind of sympathetic influence, communicated from one body to another, by which magnetic cures, &c. were said to be performed. Now, however, deservedly exploded. Footnote 52: For a curious specimen of this _odium theologicum_, see the “Censure” of the Sorbonne on Marmontel’s Belisarius. Footnote 53: This king is invoked in the first part of Shakspeare’s play of Henry the Sixth, after the following manner:— “You speedy helpers that are substitutes Under the lordly monarch of the North— Appear!” Footnote 54: This description is taken from an ancient Latin poem, describing the lamentable vision of a devoted hermit, and supposed to have been written by St. Bernard, in the year 1238; a translation of which was printed for private distribution by William Yates, Esq. of Manchester. Footnote 55: Sir Thomas Brown, who thinks that this view may be confirmed by expositions of Holy Scripture, remarks, that, “whereas it is said, thou shalt not offer unto devils; (the original word is seghuirim), that is, rough and hairy goats, because in that shape the devil must have often appeared, as is expounded by the Rabin; as Tremellius hath also explained; and as the word Ascemah, the god of Emath, is by some conceived.” Footnote 56: See an interesting dissertation on this subject, in Douce’s Illustrations of Shakspeare, Vol. i. p. 382. It is also noticed in the Border Minstrelsy, Vol. ii. p. 197. Footnote 57: Dio of Syracuse was visited by one of the furies in person, whose appearance the soothsayers regarded as indicative of the death which occurred of his son, as well as his own dissolution. Footnote 58: Sir Walter Scott has supposed that this mythological account of the duergar bears a remote allusion to real history, having an ultimate reference to the oppressed Fins, who, before the arrival of the invaders, under the conduct of Odin, were the prior possessors of Scandinavia. The followers of this hero saw a people, who knew how to work the mines of the country better than they did; and, therefore, from a superstitious regard, transformed them into spirits of an unfavourable character, dwelling in the interior of rocks, and surrounded with immense riches.—_Border Minstrelsy_, v. ii. p. 179. Footnote 59: It is said that, in Orkney, they were often seen clad in complete armour.—_Brand’s description of Orkney._ 8vo. Edinburgh, 1701. p. 63. Footnote 60: In Germany, probably for similar reasons, the dwarfs have acquired the name of _elves_—a word, observes Mr. Douce, derived from the Teutonic of _helfin_, which etymologists have translated _juvare_. Footnote 61: Minstrelsy of the Scottish border, vol. ii. page 215.