Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied artsFenn, Amor
History
Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied arts
Fenn, Amor
Architecture; Art; Decoration and ornament; Decoration and ornament -- History
[Illustration: No. 263. Wood Inlay. Simple silhouette.]
_Veneer, Marquetry_
In Veneer work and in Marquetry, where the work is quartered and
juxtaposed, the interest consists in the patterning of the figured
woods, particularly when these are arranged to form reciprocal shapes.
_Boule Work_
The interest of Buhl or Boule work, an inlay of metal employed in the
French Renaissance in the decoration of furniture, often in conjunction
with tortoiseshell, is that of contrast of texture.
[Illustration: No. 264. Italian Intarsia. Forms elaborated by incised
lines.]
In the design, profile or silhouette is the primary consideration, being
used:
1. As a form of framing,
2. In angles or centres on table-tops,
3. In panels in furniture:
[Illustration: No. 265. Louis XV Cabinet with Ormolu Mounts.
Marquetry, veneer quartered and inlaid with floral detail. (Photo: V & A
Museum).]
[Illustration: No. 266. Boule Work. Period of Louis XVI.]
The design can invariably be complete within the area. Coloured grounds
are employed as well as tortoiseshell.
_Mosaic_
Mosaic designs may be complete in themselves or be the result of
repetition, according to attitude and purpose, and with regard to
variety and colour, only restricted by æsthetic considerations.
[Illustration: No. 267. Boule Work. Period of Louis XVI.]
Owing to technical limitations, modelling can only be broadly suggested;
therefore forms should be generally in silhouette except when on a large
scale.
When employed on walls and vaults, gold is frequently used in the
backgrounds. This not only serves to define detail, but affords contrast
to the general surface, the inevitable joints in the tessaræ adding also
to the interest.
_Byzantine Use of Marble_
Associated with Mosaic decoration in the Byzantine Period was the
employment of marble in shafts of columns and for lining walls by
banding or slabbing, frequently quartered, so as to display the markings
in reciprocal forms. Such marbles were chosen for figuring and colour,
the former in its variety being an important factor in the surface
interest.
Similar employment of slabs occurs in the treatment of floors, where
contrast in colour is the chief consideration. It is sometimes
associated with Mosaic of small tesseræ, also in marble, whereas that
used on walls and in vaults was frequently of glass.
The foregoing is a broad summary of ornamental expression in the Flat,
with the exception of Book Decoration.
_Book Decoration_
In Black and White, which is chiefly employed, the designs may be in
tone or line with suggestion of rotundity or relief; or line
decoratively employed, according to subject, or purely decorative.
The same applies to renderings in colour. Designs for covers are
controlled by the processes involved, whether printed, stamped or
tooled.
[Illustration: No. 268. Mosaic Borders.
A. From Carthage.
B. & C. Withington, Gloucester.]
[Illustration: No. 269. Mosaic Border, Roman.]
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