Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied artsFenn, Amor
History
Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied arts
Fenn, Amor
Architecture; Art; Decoration and ornament; Decoration and ornament -- History
When used in the cornice or in the capping of pedestals its under face
is generally recessed, this recess being equal to the height of the top
fillet of supporting moulding.
Only occasionally the Facia is furnished with an upper fillet (for
instance, when it occurs immediately below the Cyma Recta) to which it
is reconciled by a Cavetto curve.
The Facia is a divisional feature between the mouldings of curved
profile to which it is in valuable contrast.
_Decoration of Mouldings_
Mouldings may be plain or decorated, usually by carving, the details
probably being derived from the painted decoration of an early period.
When thus enriched the moulding is formed as to its profile, and the
details carved back from the face, leaving the highest parts in the
original surface. The carving being deeper and more sharply defined in
the case of mouldings that are in shadow. Such, for example, as the
Ovolo, and in lighter relief on those more exposed to direct light.
The decoration of mouldings ordinarily consists of the repetition of a
unit, composed on a central axis, in which curves are contrasted with
vertical features.
[Illustration: ENRICHMENT OF THE CYMA RECTA
ENRICHMENT OF THE FACIA
ENRICHMENT OF THE OVOLO
ENRICHMENT OF THE CYMA REVERSA
ENRICHMENT OF THE TORUS
No. 135.]
The principle involved is to base the detail on the sectional curvature
or profile line.
_Orthodox Details_
Thus the orthodox detail of the Ovolo, technically known as the “Egg and
Tongue,” consists of a framing curve, which is obtained by repeating the
profile on a centre line enclosing an ovoid shape. The angles between
the outer curves being occupied by a tongue or dart.
As previously stated, this moulding is deeply carved, the ovoid being
bold and well-rounded; the edges of the framing curves (in some
instances grooved or channelled) being left sharp and precise.
Frequently the “Bead and Reel” enrichment occurs at the base of the
Ovolo instead of the Fillet, this being the characteristic detail of the
Bead or Astragal.
The treatment of the Cyma Reversa is identical and results in the detail
known as the “Leaf and Dart”; but the carving is not so deep and the
relief, in consequence, comparatively slight.
_Angle Leaf_
When mouldings meet at mitral angles it is customary to employ a
covering leaf the midrib of which forms the angle.
The same principle is applicable to the Cyma Recta and the Cavetto,
though these mouldings are more often left plain; when decorated the
relief is comparatively slight.
The Scotia needs no decoration, the cast shadow resulting from its form
being sufficiently effective.
The Torus, though frequently left plain, can be decorated in various
ways.
The Guilloche is perhaps the most characteristic, but as suggestive of
its function, the Torus is at times carved in the form of a rope or
cable. Leaves suggestive of a wreath are used, also a reed band crossed
at intervals with ribbons, quite in keeping with the suggestion of
binding.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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