[120] Hudud, pl. of Hadad, restrictive ordinances, or statutes, of God respecting things lawful and things unlawful. The Hudud of God are of two kinds: First, those ordinances respecting eatables, drinkables, marriage, etc., what are lawful thereof and what are unlawful. Second, castigations, or punishments, prescribed, or appointed, to be inflicted upon him who does that which he has been forbidden to do. The first kind are called Hudud because they denote limits which God has forbidden to transgress; the second, because they prevent one’s committing again those acts for which they are appointed as punishments, or because the limits thereof are determined. See Lane’s Arabic Dictionary in Loco. [121] Cf. also W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, p. 167, and D. B. Stade’s _Biblische Theologie des Alten Testaments_, pp. 111 and 290. [122] R. Smith, ibid, p. 49; cf. Ex. 3: 5, “And he said, Draw not nigh hither; put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground”; and Josh. 5: 15, “And the captain of the Lord’s host said unto Joshua: Loose thy shoe from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy. And Joshua did so.” In idolatrous days the Arabs did not wear any clothing in making the circuit of the Kaaba. In Islam, the orthodox way is as follows: Arrived within a short distance of Mecca, the pilgrims put off their ordinary clothing and assume the garb of a hajjee. Sandals may be worn but not shoes, and the head must be left uncovered. In Mandeanism, each person as he or she enters the Miškana, or tabernacle, disrobes, and bathes in the little circular reservoir. On emerging from the water, each one robes him or herself in the rasta, the ceremonial white garment.—_The London Standard_, Oct. 19, 1894. Prayer Meeting of the Starworshippers. [123] Cf. R. Smith, ibid, p. 185, and Stade, ibid, p. 111 seq. [124] Weil’s translation, p. 39. [125] Cf. R. Smith, ibid, pp. 203-212; S. I. Curtiss’ _Primitive Semitic Religion To-day_, pp. 84-89; Stade, ibid, p. 114, seq.; see also II Sam. 5: 24, and John 5: 2, 3.