Relics of the Bronze Age are far more abundant, and they form, indeed,
the chief archaeological feature of Devonshire. Dartmoor in particular,
chiefly perhaps because its great upland wilderness has never been
broken up by the plough, is dotted all over with remains of primitive
Bronze Age dwellings, sometimes standing alone, sometimes grouped in
villages and surrounded by a wall, and also with many stone circles,
tumuli, kistvaens, menhirs, and rows of upright stones. It is, moreover,
intersected by a network of ancient trackways, linking settlement to
settlement.
[Illustration: Palstave of the Bronze Age
(_In Exeter Museum_)]
The best example of an early Bronze Age village is Grimspound, eight
miles north-east of Princetown. It consists of twenty-four round huts
made of stone slabs set on end and standing about three feet above
ground, scattered over a space of about four acres, surrounded by a
nearly circular double wall, from nine to fourteen feet thick, and about
five feet high, built of blocks of granite, some of which are tons in
weight. Half the huts contain fire-hearths, which have been much used;
and a good many have raised stone benches, from eight inches to a foot
high. Except that the roofs, which were no doubt made of poles and
thatch, have disappeared, these primitive dwellings, of which there are
hundreds on Dartmoor, are probably much in the same condition as when
they were inhabited, perhaps 2000 years ago. It has been suggested that
Grimspound, like many ancient camps or hill-forts, was a place of refuge
in times of danger, rather than a permanently occupied fortress.
[Illustration: Fernworthy Circle, near Chagford]
The objects found in these and similar dwellings consist of flint
implements, pottery--some of it decorated--spindle-whorls, and
cooking-stones such as are still in use among the Eskimo. So far, no
fragment of metal of any kind has been discovered, from which it might,
perhaps, have been inferred that the huts were the work of a race
unacquainted with the use of metal. But the pottery so closely resembles
that found in the burial-mounds of the Bronze Age that archaeologists
are satisfied that the dwellings belong to that period.
[Illustration: Hurston Stone Alignment]
Other remarkable monuments are the stone circles, or upright, unhewn
blocks of granite arranged in rings, of which there are many on
Dartmoor, and of which some of the finest are the Grey Wethers near Post
Bridge, and similar structures near Chagford and on Langstone Moor; the
avenues or alignments, consisting of rows of stones set up in straight
lines, as at Merivale Bridge, Hurston, and Challacombe; and the menhirs,
which are single stones, sometimes twelve feet high, of which the best
are at Drizlecombe, at Merivale, and on Langstone Moor.
[Illustration: Triple Stone Row and Circle near Headlands, Dartmoor]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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