Paris was invested by the main German army, under the King of Prussia and von Moltke, September 19, 1870. The garrison, under the command of General Trochu, made a gallant defence, many serious sorties taking place, but the Germans gradually mastered the outer defences, and finally, being much straitened by famine, the city surrendered January 28, 1871. Parkany (Ottoman Wars). Fought August, 1663, between 200,000 Turks, under the Grand Vizier, Achmet Köprili Pasha, and the Hungarians, in far smaller force, under Count Forgacz. The Hungarians were defeated, and driven into Neuhäusel, which town, after a valiant resistance of six weeks, capitulated September 24. Parma (War of the Polish Succession). Fought June 29, 1734, between the French, under Marshal de Coigny, and the Imperialists, 60,000 strong, under General de Mercy. The Imperialists were defeated with a loss of 6,000, including de Mercy. The French loss was almost as heavy. Paso de la Patria (Paraguayan War). Fought 1866, between the Paraguayans, under Lopez, and the Brazilians, under Porto Alegre. The Paraguayans gained a signal victory. Patay (Hundred Years’ War). Fought June 18, 1429, between the French, under Joan of Arc and the Duc d’Alençon, and the English, under Talbot and Sir John Fastolfe. The English were retiring after the siege of Orleans, and their advanced guard under Talbot, being attacked by the French, was seized with a panic, and refusing to meet the charge of the French cavalry, broke and fled. The main body, under Fastolfe, however, maintained its formation, and made good its retreat to Etampes. Talbot was made prisoner. Patila (Tartar Invasion of Persia). Fought 1394, between the Tartars, under Tamerlane, and the Persians, under Shah Mansur. The Persians vigorously attacked the Tartar centre, and Tamerlane was nearly overwhelmed, but rallying his troops he led a charge which restored the battle, and gained a complete victory. The complete subjugation of Persia followed. Pavia (Invasion of the Alemanni). Fought 271, between the Romans, under Aurelian, and the German invaders. Aurelian gained a signal victory, and the Alemanni recrossed the frontier. Pavia (Lombard Conquest of Italy). This city was besieged in 568 by the Lombards, under Alboin, and after a gallant defence, lasting over three years, was at last subdued, rather by famine than by force of arms, and surrendered to the besiegers. Pavia then became the capital of the Lombard kingdom of Italy. Pavia (Italian Wars). Fought May 22, 1431, on the Ticino, near Pavia, between 85 Venetian galleys, under Nicolas Trevisani, and a somewhat superior number of galleys in the pay of the Milanese. The Venetians were defeated, with a loss of 70 galleys and 3,000 men. Pavia (Wars of Charles V).