An Irish organization, founded by Michael Davitt in 1879, with the object of driving out the landlords and establishing a peasant proprietary in Ireland. The agrarian outrages in which its members were implicated led to its being proclaimed an illegal association, and it was suppressed in 1881. Landamman. The chief magistrate in the Forest Cantons of Switzerland, elected by the Landsgemeinde. Landdrost. A local magistrate in Dutch South Africa. The first official bearing this title was appointed to Stellenbosch in 1685. In addition to his judicial duties, he had the superintendence of the Dutch East India Company’s farms and outlying stations. He also presided over the Heemraden. The office was abolished in British South Africa in 1832, but in the independent Dutch States it has existed up to the present time (1903). Landeyda. The raven banner of the Danes. The word means “Desolation of the Country.” Landfriede. In mediaeval Germany the peace of the land, or freedom from private war, was so called. Many edicts were issued to secure it, but it was rarely attained. Land-fyrd. The general levy of fighting men in Anglo-Saxon times. The origin of the Militia. Landrecht. The codification of Prussian law, otherwise known as the Code Frédéric, published in 1751 under the auspices of Frederick the Great. Landrica. In Saxon times, a wealthy landowner, who acted as the King’s representative within the limits of his district, and had jurisdiction over the smaller freeholders. His position was in fact somewhat similar to that of a feudal baron. Landsgemeinde. The ancient popular assembly in the Forest Cantons of Switzerland. Every male above the age of sixteen had access to it. It elected the chief magistrate (Landamman), levied taxes, and exercised judicial functions. Landstag. The Prussian Parliament. Landsturm. The final reserve of the German and Austrian armies. It can only be called out in times of emergency. Landsthing. _See_ Rigsdag. Landtmanna Party. The country party in the Swedish Parliament. Originally it was composed almost entirely of landowners, but latterly the peasants have become the more powerful section of it. Landwehr. The first reserve of the German and Austrian armies. Langue d’Oc. In old France the language of the southern provinces, from which the province of Languedoc took its name. In its modern form of Provencal it is little better than a _patois_, though there has been some attempt to revive it as a literary language during the nineteenth century. Langue d’Oïl. The language of the northern provinces of France, and the parent of modern French. It contains a much larger admixture of Teutonic roots than the Langue d’Oc, though its grammatical form is Latin. Last Battle. The Battle of Culloden, fought in 1746, is so called as being the last battle fought on British soil. Last of the Barons. A sobriquet of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (1428-1471). Last of the Knights.