In South America, under Spanish rule, the bodily service to which every Indian from fifteen to fifty was liable. Those upon whom the lot fell had to work for six months in the mines, and such were the conditions of servitude that barely a fifth survived the ordeal. It is estimated that over eight millions perished from this cause in Peru alone. Mitchelstown Riot. A riot at Mitchelstown, co. Cork, at a Land League meeting in August, 1887. The Government reporter and his police escort endeavoured to force their way through the crowd to the platform, which the crowd resented. The police lost their heads and fired on the people. “Remember Mitchelstown” was for some time afterwards the watchword of the Land-leaguers. Mixed Pickles. The name given to the Liberal Imperialist party in the first Reichstag of the German Empire. Model, The. The Constitution of Carolina, prepared by John Locke in 1670. It was the only constitution in America providing for an hereditary nobility, and recognizing different classes of citizens. It was in some respects feudal in its character, as the small cultivator was _adscriptus glebæ_, and had no franchise. North Carolina objected to the model, rose in revolt, and formed itself into a separate colony. Modern Gracchus. A sobriquet of the Comte de Mirabeau (1749-1801). Modern Messalina. A name given to Catherine II of Russia (1762-1796), referring to her vicious and cruel character. Moldavian Capitulation. A treaty signed in 1512 between Bogdan, Voivode of Moldavia, and Selim I, Sultan of Turkey, by which Bogdan recognized the suzerainty of Turkey, and agreed to pay tribute. Molinists. The followers of Molina, the Spanish Jesuit, who was the principal antagonist of the Jansenists and Port Royal. Mollahs. In Turkey, the name given to the principal judges, who, the law being more ecclesiastical than civil, exercise functions of almost a priestly character. In less civilized Moslem communities, as in Arabia, and among the Afridis and Afghans, the mollahs are priests or holy men. Molly Maguires. An agrarian society formed in Ireland in 1843, to resist distraint for rent. They took their name, originally “Maguires,” from Cornelius Maguire, a leader in the Irish Rebellion of 1641, the word Molly being afterwards added because they usually dressed in women’s clothes when engaged in their raids. Molly Maguires. An Irish secret society, which terrorized the mining districts of Pennsylvania from 1867 to 1877. Its object was, apparently, to control the State and municipal politics. In the latter year, owing to informers, its leaders were discovered and convicted, and the society broken up. Molokáni. A Russian sect who model their institutions on the early Apostolic Church, as depicted in the New Testament. They are strong upholders of the right of private judgment, allowing considerable latitude to individual opinion within the fold. Monastic Orders.