A bill introduced into Parliament in 1703 to render illegal the practice of nonconformists receiving the sacrament according to the rites of the Church of England, in order to qualify for municipal office, and then returning to their own form of worship. The bill entailed heavy penalties on all those who held office under these conditions. The bill failed to pass, was reintroduced in the following session, and was again thrown out, while a further attempt to pass it in 1704 was defeated by the Lords. It at last became law in 1711. O’Connell’s Tail. The nickname given to the following of Daniel O’Connell in the House of Commons, after the passing of the Reform Bill of 1832. October Club. A club composed of Tories and Jacobites, formed in 1710. Among its members were Bolingbroke and his followers. Odal. A system of land tenure among the Norsemen, by which property in the land was absolute. It was probably land allotted to the warrior after conquest, to be held by him and his descendants, though according to the Gulathing’s law, it could not become Odal until it had been held for three generations. The udallers of Orkney hold under this tenure. Odalsthing. _See_ Storthing. Œcumenical Councils. The General Councils of the Church accepted by ecclesiastical authorities as genuinely Œcumenical are twenty-one in number, namely: two of Nicæa, four of Constantinople, Ephesus, Chalcedon, five Lateran Councils, two of Lyons, Vienna, Constance, Basle, Florence, Trent and the Vatican. Œil de Bœuf. The name given to the antechamber in the Palace of Versailles. It was so called from two bull’s-eye windows near the ceiling. Ohio Company. A company of Virginian settlers who colonised the Ohio Valley under a charter from the British Government in 1749. Old Abe. A nickname of President Abraham Lincoln. Old Catholics. A section of the Roman Catholics in Germany who, under the leadership of Dr. Döllinger, rejected the dogma of Papal Infallibility imposed by the Vatican Council in 1870. Old Czechs. The Conservative section of the Czech or National party in Bohemia. Old Dominion. A name given to the State of Virginia, as the original English Colony in America. Old Glorious. A sobriquet of William III of England. Old Hickory. Andrew Jackson, President of the United States from 1829 to 1837, was so called on account of his obstinacy of character. Old Hunkers. The Conservative wing of the Democratic party in New York, 1824-1848. Old Line State. The State of Maryland is so called with reference to the Mason and Dixon Line, which divides it from Pennsylvania. Old Man of the Mountain. _See_ Assassins. Old Morality. A nickname of Mr. W. H. Smith, leader of the House of Commons from 1887 1891. Old Noll. A nickname of Oliver Cromwell. Old Pretender. James Edward, son of James II, was so called by the adherents of the Hanoverian succession. Old Rough and Ready.