Rail Splitter. A nickname of Abraham Lincoln, who is said to have earned his living in 1830 by splitting rails. Raipur Ghât, Treaty of. A treaty signed in 1805 between the British and Holkar, by which the latter renounced all rights to territory north of the Chambul, and all his claims to Bundelcund and Poonah, while the East India Company agreed not to interfere with Holkar’s enjoyment of the territories he possessed to the south of the Chambul. Rákóczy’s Rebellion. A Magyar rising, headed by Rákóczy in 1704, against the Austrian domination. The war which ensued lasted over seven years, and was at last ended by the peace of Szatmar. Ralliés. Members of the Catholic and Reactionary parties in France who in 1890 declared their adhesion to the Republican Government, and their abandonment of reactionary principles. The leader of the movement was Cardinal Lavigerie, Archbishop of Algiers. Rapparees. Bands of Irish brigands who waged a guerilla warfare against the Protestant settlers in Ireland circ. 1711. Rappenkrieg. The War of Farthings, a revolt of the peasants against the city of Berne in 1594. Raskol. The great schism in the Russian Church in the seventeenth century. The dissenters objected to certain innovations in ritual introduced by Nikon, the Patriarch, in order to correct errors which had crept in owing to careless copying of Liturgies and other religious books. The dissenters were excommunicated, and thousands fled from the country. Ratipole. A nickname of Napoleon III. Re Galantuomo. The name given to Victor Emmanuel, the first king of United Italy. Reason, Council of. A council established by the States General summoned by Henri IV of France in 1596. Its functions were to administer one half of the revenues of the State, for the payment of all civil officials, the remaining half being handed to the King for his private purse and for the defence of the realm. Rebellions, Mutinies, etc. Arabi, Arima, Attalik, Barrackpur, Bengal, Bounty, Boxers, Bread and Cheese, Cabanagem, Camisards, Commune, Communeros, Dorr, Dozsa, Dysiefald, Emmett, Eureka, Fifteen, Forty-five, Frankfurter, Fronde, Geraldines, Hungarian, Jacquerie, Ket, Lincolnshire, Madras, Maillotins, Nobles’, Nore, Panthay, Peasants’, Pilgrimage, Poor Conrad, Praguerie, Rákóczy, Red River, Riel, Santa Junta, Satsuma, Shays’, Slachter’s Nek, Sonthal, Taeping, Tököli, Whiskey. Rebecca Riots. Riots in Wales in 1843, in protest against the excessive tolls exacted on the Welsh roads. Mobs, led by a man in woman’s clothes, assembled and pulled down the turnpike gates. The name Rebecca is taken from a passage in Genesis: “And they blessed Rebekah and said unto her, let thy seed possess the gates of those which hate them.” The riots were suppressed and a commission appointed to inquire into the alleged grievances. Recess of Colding. A codification of the law of Denmark, promulgated during the reign of Christian III, circ. 1540. Reconcentrados.