Pahlen, Count, 184. Pakington, Sir John, 249. Palatinate, 239. Palermo, 155, 233. Palestine, 120, 249. Palmerston, Lord, 57, 78, 185, 239. Pamirs, 218. Panama, 40, 239. Panama Canal, 116. Panda, 171. Pannonia, 156. Panslavism, 180, 201. Papal States, 10, 21, 31, 45, 78, 119, 131, 145, 190, 229, 256. Paraguay, 156, 196, 261. Paris, 14, 18, 36, 42, 43, 47, 60, 99, 102, 126, 157, 165, 171, 194, 228, 236, 250, 255, 280. Paris, Comte de, 202. Paris, Peace of, 121. Paris, Treaty of, 216, 220, 260. Parker, Archbishop, 170. Parma, 90, 97, 130, 154, 232, 271, 272. Parma, Duke of, 89. Parnell, C. S., 12, 120, 138, 187, 189, 264. Pascal, Blaise, 131, 199. Paskievitch, General, 272. Pasquino, 190. Passau, Treaty of, 214. Paterson (Darien Scheme), 72. Paul III, Pope, 75, 211, 259. Paul IV, Pope, 70, 125. Paul I of Russia, 184. Pavia, General, 76. Peasants’ War, 130. Pedro IV of Aragon, 13. Pedro, Don, of Aragon, 233. Pedro I of Brazil, 43, 74. Pedro IV of Portugal, 51. Peel, Sir Robert, 26, 66, 162, 180, 191, 248. Peking, 152, 254. Pelagius, Pope, 126. Pelham, Henry, 40. Pelucones, 168. Pembroke, Thomas, 8th Earl of, 175. Pembrokeshire, 68. Penn, William, 119. Pennsylvania, 119, 137, 161, 166, 176, 252, 277, 279. Pepin of France, 78, 157. Percy, Henry, 121. Périgord, 38. Pernambuco, 87. Perry, Commodore, 8. Persia, 112, 188, 189, 234, 257, 258. Persian Gulf, 188. Perth, 95, 220. Peru, 9, 124, 147, 184. Pescadores, 233. Peschiera, 205. Peshwa, The, 25, 198, 245, 261. Peter, Count of Brittany, 24. Peter Martyr, 58. Peter I (the Great) of Russia, 177, 202, 204, 221, 243. Peter III of Russia, 49. Peterhof, 49. Peyronnet, 9. Phayre, Colonel, 23. Philadelphia, 139. Philip, Duke of Anjou, 239. Philip (the Good) of Burgundy, 107, 110, 158. Philip, Count of Charolais, 261. Philip II of France (Philip Augustus), 263, 274. Philip III of France, 98. Philip IV of France (the Fair), 19, 51, 146, 188, 219, 232, 242, 264. Philip II of Spain, 1, 13, 61, 127, 133, 158, 163, 193, 245, 270. Philip III of Spain, 168. Philip V of Spain, 90. Philippines, 8. Piacenza, 97. Pichegru, General, 195. Piedmont, 141, 225, 256. Piedmont, U.S.A., 154. Pigott (the Forger), 189. Pilgrim Fathers, 162. Pisa, 64, 262. Pisa, Council of, 144, 226. Pishin Valley, 103. Pitcairn Island, 36. Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, 37, 53, 190. Pitt, William, the Younger, 34, 83, 110, 116, 125, 164, 265. Pius V, Pope, 75, 215. Pius IX, Pope, 31, 126, 203. Pizarro, 124. Pizarro, Gonsalo, 160. Plava, 67. Plimsoll, Samuel, 197. Ploermel, 252. Plunket, Horace, 128. Plymouth, 162, 173. Plymouth, U.S.A., 113, 128. Podgoritza, 67. Podolia, 47. Poissy, Caisse de, 43, 236. Poitiers, Battle of, 38. Poitou, 1, 38, 80, 196. Poland, 22, 41, 47, 59, 62, 75, 147, 149, 161, 182, 184, 185, 197, 217, 224, 238, 248, 251, 253, 271, 278. Pole, Cardinal, 209. Pomerania, 27, 201, 277. Poniatowski, Stanislas Augustus, 22.