The battle of Marignano, where Francis I defeated the Swiss in 1515, was so called by Trivulzio, the French Marshal. Gin Act. An Act passed in 1736, imposing a duty of 20_s._ per gallon on gin sold by retail, and a £50 fee for every retailer’s licence. The Act was evaded, and though gin was openly sold as before, no duties were paid and no licences taken out. It was therefore repealed in 1743. Giovane Italia, La. _See_ Young Italy. Gisors, Treaty of. A treaty between Henry I of England and Louis VI of France, signed in 1113, after the defeat of the French at Puysac, and the loss of Alençon. The French King renounced his claim to suzerainty over Maine, Belesme and Brittany. Gladstone’s Umbrella. A phrase constantly used during the general election of 1885, having reference to the way in which Mr. Gladstone succeeded in uniting under his banner the various sections of the Liberal party. Glamorgan Treaty. A treaty concluded in 1644 between the Irish Catholics and the Earl of Glamorgan, acting for Charles I. The published conditions were the removal of the disabilities imposed on the Catholics by Poyning’s Act, a general amnesty, and a limitation of the period during which titles to land might be questioned. There was, however, a further secret treaty, granting the Catholics the right of public worship in all churches not occupied by the State Church, in return for which they agreed to provide 10,000 men for the King’s army in England, to be paid for out of the church revenues. Glasgow Riots. An outbreak in Glasgow, under the leadership of a mechanic named Finlay, in opposition to the Act of Union with England in 1706. Glen Grey Act. An Act amending the regulations as to Kaffir reservations in Cape Colony, passed in 1894. It provided for the division of the reservations into six-acre plots, and the granting of inalienable titles to the allottees, with succession to the eldest son. At the same time all subsidies were withdrawn, with the object of encouraging industry among the Kaffirs. Glencoe, Massacre of. The treacherous massacre, in 1692, of the clansmen of Macdonald of Glencoe, under the orders of Breadalbane, a member of the Clan Campbell, the hereditary foes of the Macdonalds. An appearance of legality was given to the massacre by the fact that Macdonald had delayed till the last moment taking the oath of allegiance to William and Mary, and owing to stress of weather did not actually take it till after the prescribed date. Glippers. The name given to the Netherlanders who sided with the Spanish King’s party, circ. 1570. Glorious First of June. The name given to the battle off Ushant, fought on June 1, 1794, in which Lord Howe utterly defeated the French fleet. Gold-bugs. The name given in the United States to the supporters of the single gold standard. Golden Book. The book containing the names of the noble Venetian families who were qualified to be members of the Grand Council. It was compiled in 1319.