The particle _ato_ means 'behind' and governs the genitive; e.g., _sonata no ato cara mairǒ_ 'I shall come after you' that is to say 'I shall follow you.' The particle _vaqi_ means 'near' and governs the genitive; e.g., _Pedro no vaqi_ 'near Peter,' _misa no vaqi_ 'the mass is ended,' _cono vaqi_ 'in the last few days.' All of these adverbs require after them the cases that are required by the verb which follows. {159} _Adverbs of Interrogation and Response_[146] There are many ways to ask 'why?' or 'for what reason[?]'; e.g., _najeni_[?], _najoni_[?], _nani xini?_, _nani tote ca?_, _nani no iuie ni?_, _nanto xita coto ni?_, _nani no xisai ni iotte?_. The question 'how?' is said; _nanto xite?_, _nanto iǒ ni_[?], _icani to xite?_ The answer is 'because' or 'for the reason that'; e.g., _sono iuie va_, _najeni to iúni_. 'Because' is also said; _tocoro de_, _fodo ni_, _ni iotte_, or _sacai ni_. The first expresses (52 the greatest degree of causality, the second not so much, and the third the least. _Uie va_ means 'since (_cum_ or _si quidem_)'; e.g., _toganai uie va qizzucai ga nai_ (40v)[147] 'I am not afraid because I have no fault.' The same meaning is achieved by the particle _cara_; e.g., _caiǒ ni iro vo misuru cara va; cacusu coto va iranu_ 'since you have thus shown your feelings (_iro_), you can't hide them.' 'Since (_si quidem_)' means approximately the same as _toqi va_ and _xicaru toqi va_. _Sari nagara_ means 'but,' _sari tote va_ means 'until,' _saru tote va_ means 'since the thing is this way,' _saru tote va, qicoienu coto gia_ 'since it is so, it is unbearable.' _Adverbs of Time_[148] One asks 'when' with _itçu_ or _itçugoro_. One asks 'from what day' with _icca saqi_ or _icca maie_, 'from what month' with _icutçuqi saqi_, and 'from what year' with _nannen maie_. Usually _ni_ is added when it is required by the verb, and the interrogatives _ca_ or _zo_ are always put at the end of the sentence, with _zo_ preferred.