~Haines's Test.~--Pour 1 teaspoonful of Haines's solution into a test tube and boil gently over a Bunsen burner; add 6 or 8 drops of urine and again heat to boiling. A yellow or red precipitate will indicate the presence of glucose. QUANTITATIVE TEST FOR SUGAR ~Benedict's Test.~[110]--The simple quantitative test for sugar is the one devised by Benedict. This is simpler than the polariscopic examination and better suited for ordinary use. Place 5 c.c. of Benedict's quantitative solution in a small dish, add a little less than one-fourth of a teaspoonful of sodium carbonate and one-eighth of a teaspoonful of talcum and add 10 c.c. of water. Dilute urine (1 part urine to 9 parts water) except where the qualitative test showed a low percentage of sugar, that is, when the precipitate turns green instead of yellow, in which case it will be unnecessary to dilute the urine. Place dish over burner and bring the contents to a boil. Pour the urine into a graduated pipette. Now add the urine drop by drop to the contents in the dish until the blue color entirely disappears. This test should be done over several times to assure an accurate calculation. The calculation is made as follows: 5 c.c. of Benedict's quantitative copper solution are reduced by 0.01 gram of glucose, consequently the quantity of undiluted urine required to reduce 5 c.c. Benedict's solution contains 0.01 gram of glucose. 0.01 ------ x 100 = per cent. _x_ = c.c. of undiluted urine. _x_ Example; 1500 c.c. urine in 24 hours. 5 c.c. used to reduce (decolorized) Benedict's solution. 0.01 ------ x 100 = 0.2 per cent. 5 1500 x 0.002 (0.2 per cent.) = 3 grams of sugar in 24 hours. Example: If the urine had been diluted with 9 parts water, in other words, 10 times, the calculation would be 5 c.c. diluted urine = 0.5 c.c. actual urine. 0.01 ------ x 100 = 2 per cent. 0.5 1500 x 0.02 (2 per cent.) = 30 grams of sugar in 24 hours. Hill and Eckman perform the Benedict's quantitative test as follows:[111] Measure with a pipette 25 c.c. Benedict's solution into a porcelain dish, add 5 or 10 grams approximately of solid sodic carbonate, heat to boiling, and while boiling, run in urine until a white precipitate forms, then add urine more slowly until the last trace of blue disappears. The urine should be diluted so that not less than 10 c.c. will be required to amount of sugar which 25 c.c. of reagent is capable of oxidizing. Calculation: 5 divided by number of cubic centimeters of urine run in equals per cent. of sugar. ~Fermentation Test for Quantity of Sugar in Urine.~--If the urine is 70 deg. F. (room) temperature when the specific gravity is taken at both the beginning and end of the test, it will assure accuracy.