Discourses on Satire and on Epic PoetryDryden, John
History
Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry
Dryden, John
Epic poetry; Satire; Satire -- History and criticism
For I have taken these words _Quem damnet labor_ in the sense which
Virgil gives them in another place (_Damnabis tu quoque votis_), to
signify a prosperous event. Yet I dare not condemn so great a genius as
Milton; for I am much mistaken if he alludes not to the text in Daniel
where Belshazzar was put into the balance and found too light. This is
digression, and I return to my subject. I said above that these two
machines of the balance and the Dira were only ornamental, and that the
success of the duel had been the same without them; for when Æneas and
Turnus stood fronting each other before the altar, Turnus looked
dejected, and his colour faded in his face, as if he desponded of the
victory before the fight; and not only he, but all his party, when the
strength of the two champions was judged by the proportion of their
limbs, concluded it was _impar pugna_, and that their chief was
overmatched. Whereupon Juturna, who was of the same opinion, took this
opportunity to break the treaty and renew the war. Juno herself had
plainly told the nymph beforehand that her brother was to fight
“_Imparibus fatis_; _nec diis_, _nec viribus æquis_;”
so that there was no need of an apparition to fright Turnus, he had the
presage within himself of his impending destiny. The Dira only served to
confirm him in his first opinion, that it was his destiny to die in the
ensuing combat. And in this sense are those words of Virgil to be taken—
“_Non me tua turbida virtus_
_Terret_, _ait_; _dii me terrent_, _et Jupiter hostis_.”
I doubt not but the adverb _solum_ is to be understood (“It is not your
valour only that gives me this concernment, but I find also by this
portent that Jupiter is my enemy”); for Turnus fled before, when his
first sword was broken, till his sister supplied him with a better, which
indeed he could not use because Æneas kept him at a distance with his
spear. I wonder Ruæus saw not this, where he charges his author so
unjustly for giving Turnus a second sword to no purpose. How could he
fasten a blow or make a thrust, when he was not suffered to approach?
Besides, the chief errand of the Dira was to warn Juturna from the field,
for she could have brought the chariot again when she saw her brother
worsted in the duel. I might farther add that Æneas was so eager of the
fight that he left the city, now almost in his possession, to decide his
quarrel with Turnus by the sword; whereas Turnus had manifestly declined
the combat, and suffered his sister to convey him as far from the reach
of his enemy as she could. I say, not only suffered her, but consented
to it; for it is plain he knew her by these words:—
“_O soror_, _et dudum agnovi_, _cum prima per artem_
_Fædera turbasti_, _teque hæc in bella dedisti_;
_Et tunc necquicquam fallis dea_.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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