Discourses on Satire and on Epic PoetryDryden, John
History
Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry
Dryden, John
Epic poetry; Satire; Satire -- History and criticism
But _nobis non licet esse tam disertis_—at least, if we study to refine
our numbers. I have long had by me the materials of an English
“Prosodia,” containing all the mechanical rules of versification, wherein
I have treated with some exactness of the feet, the quantities, and the
pauses. The French and Italians know nothing of the two first—at least,
their best poets have not practised them. As for the pauses, Malherbe
first brought them into France within this last century, and we see how
they adorn their Alexandrines. But as Virgil propounds a riddle which he
leaves unsolved—
“_Dic quibus in terris_, _inscripti nomina regum_
_Nascantur flores_, _et Phyllida solus habeto_”—
so I will give your lordship another, and leave the exposition of it to
your acute judgment. I am sure there are few who make verses have
observed the sweetness of these two lines in “Cooper’s Hill”—
“Though deep, yet clear; though gentle, yet not dull;
Strong without rage; without o’erflowing, full”—
and there are yet fewer who can find the reason of that sweetness. I
have given it to some of my friends in conversation, and they have
allowed the criticism to be just. But since the evil of false quantities
is difficult to be cured in any modern language; since the French and the
Italians, as well as we, are yet ignorant what feet are to be used in
heroic poetry; since I have not strictly observed those rules myself
which I can teach others; since I pretend to no dictatorship among my
fellow-poets; since, if I should instruct some of them to make
well-running verses, they want genius to give them strength as well as
sweetness; and, above all, since your lordship has advised me not to
publish that little which I know, I look on your counsel as your command,
which I shall observe inviolably till you shall please to revoke it and
leave me at liberty to make my thoughts public. In the meantime, that I
may arrogate nothing to myself, I must acknowledge that Virgil in Latin
and Spenser in English have been my masters. Spenser has also given me
the boldness to make use sometimes of his Alexandrine line, which we
call, though improperly, the Pindaric, because Mr. Cowley has often
employed it in his odes. It adds a certain majesty to the verse when it
is used with judgment, and stops the sense from overflowing into another
line. Formerly the French, like us and the Italians, had but five feet
or ten syllables in their heroic verse; but since Ronsard’s time, as I
suppose, they found their tongue too weak to support their epic poetry
without the addition of another foot. That indeed has given it somewhat
of the run and measure of a trimetre, but it runs with more activity than
strength. Their language is not strong with sinews, like our English; it
has the nimbleness of a greyhound, but not the bulk and body of a
mastiff. Our men and our verses overbear them by their weight; and
_pondere_, _non numero_ is the British motto. The French have set up
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