Disease in captive wild mammals and birds : $b incidence, description, comparisonFox, Herbert
Science
Disease in captive wild mammals and birds : $b incidence, description, comparison
Fox, Herbert
Veterinary medicine
Infarctions of the lung, while not at all common, are interesting
because of their incidence in the Carnivora and in the distribution. The
figures concern the mammals only since the decision for or against
infarct in the birds is very difficult because of the frequency in this
class of hemorrhage with pulmonary congestion. There were eleven single
or double non-septic infarcts, of which seven occurred in Carnivora, one
in an ungulate, two in Primates and one in a rodent. The existence of
parasites was excluded in most of the cases but could not be entirely in
all. Eight of these infarcts were on the left side, five of these being
in the lower lobe.
EMPHYSEMA.
Emphysema of the atrophic and chronic vesicular types with the soft,
fluffy, pigmented or pale pink organ has not occurred in the animals
under observation. Acute vesicular emphysema, such as is seen in chronic
bronchial and cardiac diseases, has been encountered several times.
Cardiac lesions were found four times, nephritis eleven times, acute
enteric conditions seven times, hepatic diseases seven times. Two cases
of wide spread amyloid disease showed a deposit of this substance in the
alveolar walls. It is quite common to find some grade of emphysema in
monkeys dying from osteomalacia and rickets. The process is then most
prominent in the upper lobes and along the free anterior margins. The
incidence in the orders is Primates 5, Lemures 2, Carnivora 2,
Pinnipedia (drowning) 1, Rodentia 1, Ungulata 4, Marsupialia 4. The best
example was found in a Skunk (_Mephitis mesomelas_) having a general
infection, emanating from the cranial sinuses, and cardiac dilatation.
Emphysema does not seem to occur in birds for only one was seen which
seemed to present this condition. This was a Bald Eagle (_Haliæetus
leucocephalus_) with chronic renal and enteric disease and cardiac
hypertrophy. The lungs were tensely distended under their serous
covering and showed a few small bullæ anteriorly. Unfortunately a
histological preparation is not at hand.
TUMORS.
Tumors of the lung are moderately common, both of primary and secondary
origin. Thus we have seen three primary and six metastatic growths in
mammals and one of each kind in birds. The primaries were: carcinomata
in a civet (_Viverra tangalunga_), a bandicoot (_Thylacomys lagotis_), a
kangaroo (_Macropus rufus_), and a lorikeet (_Glossopsittacus
concinnus_). The secondaries were: carcinomata in a black bear (_Ursus
americanus_), a polar bear (_Ursus maritimus_), a lion (_Felis leo_),
and a dasyure (_Dasyurus maculatus_); sarcomata in a prairie wolf
(_Canis latrans_), and a raccoon-like dog (_Canis procyonoides_);
adenocarcinoma in a chestnut-eared finch (_Amadina castanotis_).
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