Disease in captive wild mammals and birds : $b incidence, description, comparisonFox, Herbert
Science
Disease in captive wild mammals and birds : $b incidence, description, comparison
Fox, Herbert
Veterinary medicine
their total, a subtraction which might be allowed since it represented
an epizoötic outbreak.
Etiologically considered, it would seem as if the influence of incorrect
feeding were of little importance, and from one standpoint this is
probably the case. Acute fermentative or irritative processes are not
common at all, while more inflammatory pictures, catarrhal, erosive or
ulcerative, are the rule. There is another phase to the term incorrect
food, that is incorrect in its cleanness. During 1912–15 there was an
increasing mortality among the cats and dogs fed upon horse meat, mutton
and fowl heads. Early in 1916 the butcher shop was reconstructed and
thoroughly cleaned and covered galvanized pans supplied in which to
transport the food; these pans were scrubbed and scalded after use.
Since that time, infections inflammations of the stomach and intestines
have shown an ever increasing downward incidence, which result, there
having been no material changes in other directions, I do not hesitate
to ascribe to the improvement of butchering and dispensing engineered by
Dr. W. B. Cadwalader.
Helminths seem to be of importance in this order both by reason of the
percentage of autopsies in which they presented the most probable or at
least most suggestive cause and because uncinaria and strongylus have
been seen attached to the wall and a large bulk of known irritative
cestodes have occupied the lumen. Physical objects, stones, bones, wire,
may cause irritation enough to activate bacterial action or may actually
penetrate the wall; the latter action is well known. In so far as
practical application of this is concerned, it teaches to feed whole,
unsplintered or ground bone.
The distribution and character of pathological lesions according to the
region of the stomach is what might be expected from the shape and
physiology of its parts. True inflammatory processes are best, and in
some cases only seen in the pyloric half of the viscus, while the
changes in those few cases believed to be fermentative or irritative in
nature were largely confined to the fundus. Dilatation of the latter
part may be understood because there the muscular coats are about equal
to the mucous in thickness and one-half the width of those at the
pylorus, but why inflammatory processes should not be so developed in
the fundus is not clear unless the greater availability of mucus
protects the secreting wall. Not only does acute inflammation reach its
most definite form in the second part of the stomach, but the irregular
pigmentation, mammillated overgrowth and atrophy or ulceration of
chronic disease are likewise best seen in this part.
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