DIAGNOSIS.—Masses of sand in entire intestinal tract. The general condition externally and internally is good. The crop is distended like a sausage, quite firm and the overfilling is obviously due to sand in which very few stones, which could be called pebbles, are found. This mass continues into the esophagus making the whole tract impassable for food. The mucosa is a little pink and dirt-stained in places but is not visibly inflamed. The gizzard is contracted over a mass of sand but no food. Sand in more or less definitely packed condition is found all along the gut tract, in one place in the small coil it being quite as tight as in the crop and no lumen remaining. Sand and bits of shale are found in ceca. The organs are apparently healthy, slightly pale perhaps, but certainly not distinctly anemic. No infection exists. The aorta, just above renals, has a 15 mm. × 2 mm. pale opacity of same consistency as the rest of the vessel, just perceptibly higher than surrounding surface. “Sand disease” has occurred in a Persian Wild Ass (_Equus onager_) causing in this case ulceration, perforation and peritonitis, a Common deer (_Mazama virginiana_) and a Chapman’s zebra (_Equus burchelli chapmani_). The collection of sand is always greatest in the caput coli, but may coat the large bowel to the anus. Larger and more definitely obstructive physical objects are found in both mammals and birds. We have on record a lion (_Felis leo_) and a tiger (_Felis tigris_), which swallowed pieces of bone large enough to be stuck in the small intestine and completely occlude it. Smaller objects like buttons have been found even in the passerine tract. Worm masses may occupy such a large part of the lumen of the tube as to constitute a physical obstruction. This is definitely less important in mammals than in birds, especially in the passerine order of the latter class. Dilatation of the intestine aside from that occurring in connection with fermentation, constipation or ileus, in other words chronic atonic dilatation, has not been encountered. Acute dilatation has been found in several orders under the picture known for domesticated animals. Its pathology and incidence have already been discussed. ILEUS.