Active infections of the biliary system in relation to pancreatitis are, however, not as conspicuous as might be expected. In the mammals twelve of the twenty-seven cases showed cholecystitis or cholangitis; in every instance the form of pancreatitis was acute. Among the eleven avian cases four showed inflammation of the biliary channels, but not of the bladder. Hepatic cirrhosis was observed four times. In a thrush and a skunk obvious infectious cirrhosis existed, and in both a necrotizing pancreatitis was found. A badger suffered with atrophic cirrhosis of the liver and a chronic pancreatitis with acute exacerbation. A deer showed marked perilobular fibrosis with a recent hemorrhagic pancreatitis probably due to duodenal torsion. Nothing very distinctive is to be found in these cases, but they merely make the total of involvements of the liver and its adnexa up to twenty. It is to be emphasized that pancreatitis was not associated with lithiasis in ducts or bladder as described on page 240. Peripheral cholecystitis and plastic inflammations about the pylorus and lesser omentum are exceedingly rare in wild animals, while they are not common in human surgical practice. They did not occur at all in mammals in this series, the only external inflammations being in lymph nodes in cases of frank infectious character. There were distinct adhesions between liver, duodenum and pancreas in two birds, one with acute, the other with chronic pancreatitis. In so far as the kind of pancreatitis is concerned mammals had twenty- two acute and six chronic forms, one animal having the former implanted on the latter, while birds had five acute and six chronic. The preponderance of acute over chronic lesions in mammals again recalls the association of the biliary and pancreatic ducts, but if one expect that such a relation establishes acute inflammation, the relatively high figures for Rodentia and Ungulata, with a single duct removed from the bile duct conflict with the data for orders having two ducts such as the Carnivora. Every case in the former orders was of acute nature; only two had any hepatic disease, four had lymph gland hyperplasia in the pancreatic region, and seven had acute enteritis. The preponderance of acute over the chronic cases in mammals and the nearly equal number in birds is, however, apparent. The collateral pathology with the most definite relationship to pancreatitis is enteritis and one may say that the former occurs in proportion to the incidence of the latter. Acute forms, twenty-seven, were associated with acute enteritis nineteen times. Chronic enteritis was found with chronic pancreatitis in six of eleven cases.