Disease in captive wild mammals and birds : $b incidence, description, comparisonFox, Herbert
Science
Disease in captive wild mammals and birds : $b incidence, description, comparison
Fox, Herbert
Veterinary medicine
Cape Hyrax (_Hyrax capensis_). Impossible labor due to malformation of
the pelvis. This animal died as the result of shock and exhaustion of
labor. She was pregnant of two fetuses, one of which was extracted
manually by the keeper but was dead at birth. Twenty-four hours later
the animal was found dead. On autopsy there was present a fully
developed fetus in the right cornu, the head just above the pelvic
inlet. The left cornu was large and boggy. The myometrium of the right
side was so thin as to be almost transparent. On examining the bony
pelvis the reason for the dystocia is at once apparent. The sacrum is
tilted to the right, and the body of the left ileum is bent sharply to
the right, the pelvic inlet being obliquely contracted, the right
oblique diameter being 16 mm. while the left is 23 mm.
The pelvic obliquity made the birth of a full sized fetus impossible,
the one delivered being under developed. The myometrium was evidently
stretched almost to the point of rupture when death occurred.
Obstruction to the birth canal by abnormalities in the soft parts, such
as muscular rigidity, edema, or inflammation, tumors, atresia or
developmental defects are occasionally seen by veterinarians but have
not been encountered here.
Dystocia from uterine displacements are uncommon except such as may
depend upon the failure of support by the abdominal wall, since this is
the principal support of the organ especially when gravid. Hernia or
hysterocele is known and anteflexion has been seen. Torsion, a rare
human condition, is not uncommon in lower animals probably due to the
loose dependent position of the pregnant cornua, attached only to the
pelvic walls by slender inactive suspensory ligaments. A case may be
reported, not originally described.
Canada Porcupine (_Erethizon dorsatus dorsatus_). Obstructed labor.
This animal died from exhaustion due to an impossible labor. On
autopsy the abdomen contained a moderate amount of clear serous fluid
with one small blood clot. The right uterine cornu was distended with
a fetus to about the same diameter as the uterine body. This cornu was
congested and edematous and its walls very thin. The cornu was twisted
one-half full turn from right to left, so that the pregnant portion
overlaid the uterine body anteriorly. The torsion produced a
compression of the vessels on the right side to the point of violent
congestion of the cornu. There was no apparent rupture of the uterine
walls, death having occurred from exhaustion. The fetus and its
membranes were normal.
Many forms of abnormalities in position are recognized for domesticated
animals, but since we know so little of the early stage in the wild
specimens no data can be given.
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