Disease in captive wild mammals and birds : $b incidence, description, comparisonFox, Herbert
Science
Disease in captive wild mammals and birds : $b incidence, description, comparison
Fox, Herbert
Veterinary medicine
Lung.—There are no abnormalities in supporting tissue. Alveolar walls
are markedly congested. Bronchi normal and show no trace of larval
hookworm infestation. Air sacs contain many red blood cells together
with a few heart-failure-cells. Congestion of lung.
Liver.—No excess of fibrous tissue. Finer details of structure cannot
be made out owing to advanced autolytic changes. The only possible
pathological changes consist of localized areas where liver cells have
fused to form notable masses of pink granular material suggesting
local necroses. Autolysis.
Intestines.—Four sections are present and all show essentially the
same character of changes. Interstitial tissue between muscular tissue
and submucosa loosely arranged as though separated by edema.
On luminal side of muscular mucosa is a distinct zone of striking
tawny yellow color with hematoxylon-eosin combination. This zone is
smooth homogeneous and contains a few spindle and stellate cells with
no capillaries and with little or no fibrillation. It abuts upon the
fundi of the crypts. Interstitial tissue of mucosa is loose and
infiltrated with round and spindle cells in its deeper portions. Here
it is also congested but congestion is most marked toward lumen where
masses of free blood cells occur in interstitial tissue, within lumina
of crypts and within lumen of intestine itself; no parasites or ova
are found. Epithelium of crypts has granular cytoplasm; goblet cell
formation frequently seen; cilia well preserved. Edema; Subacute
catarrhal enteritis Hemorrhage.
Six instances of nephritis, four parenchymatous and two diffuse, are
recorded in the total of seventeen cases of secondary anemia in
carnivores. Except in the skeletal disease the marrow is very mildly
affected, some edema and reddening grossly and moderate hyperplasia
minutely, being the only noteworthy changes.
The next order is that of the Ungulata wherein we have found but two
cases of frank anemia, an Isabelline Gazelle (_Gazella isabella_) and an
Aoudad (_Ovis tragelaphus_). The former had several lesions of different
etiology and nature so that an impoverishment of the blood is not
astonishing: parasitic (?) cyst in lung, chronic infective arthritis,
calcareous tuberculosis, congestion and edema of lungs, osteomalacia,
and osteofibroma of maxilla. The condition of the aoudad was too
indefinite to permit conclusions.
The marsupials are represented by two common Opossums (_Didelphys
virginiana_) and a Rufous Rat Kangaroo (_Aepyprymnus rufescens_), two of
which suffered also from rickets. The condition of the bone marrow was
unfortunately not recorded, but in other rachitic marsupials this tissue
follows the changes seen in other orders. One opossum had a hypertrophic
gastritis with numerous Physaloptera turgida, a worm frequently
associated with chronic thickening of the mucosa; there was also an
early portal hepatic cirrhosis with enlargement of the spleen.
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