Tissues treated by Prussian blue test for iron. Kidney, adrenal, heart found to contain none. Spleen, liver contain abundance. That in spleen responds to test showing that it is all iron containing. Two kinds of pigment found in liver. In periphery of lobule as much contains iron as that which does not, while in deeper parts iron predominates. Many times both kinds are recognized in one cell. On the whole it is the finest granules which contain more iron (are bluer) while iron free pigment occurs in bile canaliculæ. That in Kupffer’s cells stains strongly blue. SUMMARY OF PRIMARY ANEMIAS. A review of these instances of grave anemia brings one to the conclusion that there is a strong similarity to the disease in man. Perhaps we have constructed a picture that is too narrow for the animal kingdom in general, but surely these few instances deserve to be distinguished from the secondary cases already presented if for no other reason than that no associated etiological condition was exposed. It was hoped in studying the anemias of lower animals, and this hope extends over all the subject of this book, to be able to throw some light upon causation. The thought of incorrect diet came at once, but we are confronted with the paucity of cases among our records. Moreover, secondary anemia from digestive and dietetic troubles is clear, but how we can use this argument for an essential change in hematopoiesis and natural hematolysis, is far from evident. It will be noticed that I have studiously avoided grouping any case with parasites among the primary cases, nor will there be found any evidence of generalized infectious disease. Most of the reported instances of pernicious anemia in the lower animals have been associated with one or other of these factors, although certain authors (Kitt, Hutyra and Marek) maintain that a causeless variety probably exists. LEUCEMIA.