=The symptoms= vary, according to the complications. The earliest comprise digestive disturbance, which coincides with the passage of the sharp object through the rumen or reticulum, and depends on whether such passage produces local peritonitis and pain, rendering movement of these compartments impossible. Later, when the diaphragm has been penetrated, respiratory disturbance occurs, and is succeeded by apparent improvement, which in its turn may be followed by the occurrence of pericarditis, pleurisy, or abscess formation. In other cases where suppurative hepatitis or splenitis, or even peritonitis may be present, the symptoms are extremely vague and very difficult to refer to their real cause. =Diagnosis= is difficult, unless the owner is able to supply exact information that at some previous time the animal had swallowed such and such an object. =The prognosis= is grave, though cases occur where a foreign body is tolerated, and may for a long time be retained without producing accidents. =Treatment.= Gastrotomy should not be performed unless the operator is possessed of very precise information. In such case the rumen and reticulum should be emptied and the foreign body sought for and removed. When the symptoms strongly point to the presence of a foreign body exploratory gastrotomy may be performed, but the operator will do well to employ the operation only as a last resort. Many complications, like septic peritonitis, hepatitis, and splenitis, are practically hopeless; but others show a tendency to recovery. This is the case when abscesses form in the thoracic or abdominal wall, or beneath the pleura or pericardium. The entire difficulty consists in diagnosis, for when once this is clearly defined intervention is fully justified. As, however, the surgical measures vary in every case, the exact course to be adopted must be left to the initiative of the surgeon. TUMOURS OF THE GASTRIC COMPARTMENTS. =Papillomata= result from hypertrophy of normal papillæ; they resemble those of the pharynx and œsophagus. The growth may attain the size of a fist. It often resembles a cauliflower in appearance. When very large, such growths may cause obstruction. A very striking illustration of a papilloma of the mucous membrane is given on p. 180 of Möller and Dollar’s “Regional Surgery.” =Sarcoma= has been noted by Paule, Kitt, and Schütz as forming in the subserous tissue of the omasum, and later bulging out as a wounded swelling of irregular size. =Actinomycosis of the abomasum= has been reported by Professor Axe. CHAPTER VI. ENTERITIS.