This form of poisoning is rare in oxen on account of the large quantity of salt which can be ingested without producing bad effects. It is commonest in animals to which old brine has been given or which have received rough salt containing toxic substances (sheep and pigs). Beef, pork, or fish brine, four or five months old, is especially dangerous because of the toxins it contains. Half a pint is a fatal dose for a pig (Reynal). The symptoms include marked thirst, vomiting and diarrhœa; at a later stage motor and nervous disturbance appears, resulting from poisoning of the cerebro-spinal system. Paralysis, epileptiform convulsions, trismus, coma and death characterise extremely acute cases. To the naked eye, the =lesions= are those of acute gastro-enteritis; and, in many cases, of marked congestion of the brain and medulla and of the mucous membrane of the bladder. =The treatment= is prophylactic and hygienic. Old brine and salt of doubtful purity should be avoided. The symptoms should be treated by administering diuretics, preferably soda bicarbonate, which does not irritate the kidney, and by giving mucilaginous drinks with anodynes. POISONING BY THE NITRATES OF POTASH AND SODA. This form of poisoning has frequently been described as following the ingestion of water used for washing sacks which have contained chemical manures. Occasionally it results from the administration of medicines containing excessive doses of nitrate of potash. The symptoms vary in severity with the purity of the salt, with its nature, and with the degree of concentration of the solution: nitrate of potash is more dangerous than nitrate of soda. The chief =symptoms= may be grouped as follows:— Salivation, indigestion and tympanites, nausea, vomiting, diarrhœa, and (especially) intense polyuria: the kidney may be irritated to such a degree as to produce albuminuria and hæmaturia. Intense dulness and general weakness precede death, which sometimes occurs in four to twelve hours after the poison has been taken. The =lesions= are to be found in the digestive and urinary apparatus. The kidneys are congested and hypertrophied, or present changes indicating epithelial nephritis. The ureters and the bladder may show similar lesions. =Treatment= comprises removal of the cause, and the administration of emollients, narcotics, and diffusible stimulants. POISONING BY TARTAR EMETIC. Tartar emetic is sometimes given for the purpose of favouring secretion and restoring rumination; occasionally the proper dose is exceeded and poisoning occurs. Given repeatedly, tartar emetic is apt to accumulate in the deeper portions of the gastric compartments and to produce general symptoms of super-purgation, and such local symptoms as ulceration and even perforation of the walls of the stomach, which in turn is followed by abscess formation in the abdominal wall. =Diagnosis= is easy. =The prognosis= is grave.