=Podophyllum peltatum.=—The leaves of the common mandrake, or May apple, of the eastern half of the United States, are sparingly eaten by some cattle. Cases of poisoning are very rare, but the experience of one correspondent shows that the milk from a cow that had been feeding on the plant off and on for about three weeks was so extremely laxative as to be positively poisonous. The accident occurred to a baby, fed exclusively on cow’s milk. The physiological effect of the milk was precisely like that of mandrake. It was shown that the cow ate the plant, which was abundant in one pasture, and when the animal was removed to a pasture free from the plant the child’s illness stopped at once. BUTNERIACEÆ (STRAWBERRY-SHRUB FAMILY). =Butneria fertilis.=—The large oily seeds of the calycanthus, or sweet-scented shrub, contain a poisonous alkaloid, and are strongly reputed to be poisonous to cattle in Tennessee. PAPAVERACEÆ (poppy family). =Argemone mexicana.=—The Mexican poppy is reputed to be poisonous to stock both in the United States and in New South Wales. The seeds are narcotic, like opium. * =Chelidonium majus.=—The yellow milky sap of the celandine, an introduced weed common in the eastern United States, contains both an acrid and a narcotic poison. Both are powerfully active, but cases of poisoning are rare, as stock refuse to touch the plant. Reeks, of Spalding, however, describes (_J. Comp. Path. and Therap._, Dec. 1903, p. 367) an outbreak of poisoning by common celandine in which twenty-one valuable cows were affected and three died. The symptoms comprised excessive salivation and thirst, convulsions, unconsciousness and epileptiform movements. * =Papaver somniferum=, opium poppy, or garden poppy: =P. rhœas=, field poppy, red poppy, or corn poppy.—These plants are sometimes self-sown from gardens. Both contain acrid and narcotic poisons, and European literature records the death of various animals from eating their leaves and seed pods. POISONING BY POPPIES. The consumption of poppies causes arrest of peristalsis, secretion of foamy saliva, colic, depression, coma, and in severe cases death by stoppage of respiration. PRUNACEÆ (PLUM FAMILY). * =Prunus caroliniana.=—The laurel cherry, or mock orange, is native in the south-eastern quarter of the United States, and is there often cultivated for hedges. The half-withered leaves and the seeds yield prussic acid, and are poisonous when eaten by animals. [Illustration: $1] * =Prunus serotina.=—The wild black cherry is a valuable forest tree which ranges throughout the eastern half of the United States. Cattle are killed by eating the partially withered leaves from branches thrown carelessly within their reach or ignorantly offered as food. The leaves of various other wild and cultivated cherries are probably poisonous to cattle in the same way.