The inspiratory sound may be strong, rough, rasping, painful, moist or rattling. The pathological expiratory sounds may vary between audible, strong, rough, prolonged, or rattling. The varieties of souffle, or rattle, are the tubal souffle of inspiration or expiration (met with in pneumonia or broncho-pneumonia); the soft, deep-seated pleuritic souffle (peripneumonia); the continuous cavernous souffle (met with in tuberculosis); the broad amphoric souffle, in which the vibrations are extensive and of metallic character (met with in pneumo-thorax). As to the varieties of _râles_ which usually accompany these souffles, they may all be met with in tuberculous animals, and comprise crepitant and sub-crepitant, mucous, cavernous, snoring and sibilant _râles_. CHAPTER II. NASAL CAVITIES. SIMPLE CORYZA. Simple acute coryza, or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities, is of comparatively trifling importance in bovine animals, and, were it not for the possibility of gangrenous coryza being confused with it, there would scarcely be any necessity for a special description. The onset of coryza is indicated by repeated sneezing and coughing, by congestion of the pituitary mucous membrane, which soon begins to secrete abnormally, and by difficulty in respiration, which becomes snoring or whistling. The discharge, transparent at first, then mucous and muco-purulent, is abundant in quantity; the inflammation is arrested at this point or extends towards the facial sinuses, the pharynx and larynx; the eyes are swollen and watering, and almost all the characteristic symptoms appear which mark the onset of gangrenous coryza. Two signs, however, are wanting. The appetite is fairly well maintained, and the temperature little above normal. Simple coryza occurs at all times of the year in consequence of sudden chills, but is commonest in spring and autumn. At first the distinction between this condition and gangrenous coryza can only be ascertained after taking the temperature. =The prognosis= is absolutely favourable, and often in forty-eight hours every symptom disappears. =Treatment= is confined to keeping the animals in stables at a suitable temperature, sheltered from draughts. Emollient fumigations and inhalations of turpentine, creosote, or eucalyptus oil rapidly check the more alarming symptoms. Warm drinks and foods and cooked roots are recommended. In sheep, acute coryza as a consequence of chills, etc., occurs in autumn, but is more commonly due to a parasitic cause, viz., invasion of the nasal cavities by larvæ of certain œstridæ. During the succeeding winter it continues under the form of chronic coryza, as a result of the larvæ retaining their position in the sinuses. Treatment of this parasitic coryza consists in trephining the sinuses and destroying the larvæ. GANGRENOUS CORYZA.