Examination of the chest gives negative results, but, on the throat being manipulated, the slightest pressure exercised over the larynx produces attacks of coughing. During the first few days these attacks are loud, spasmodic, and difficult, but on succeeding days they lead to the discharge, from the nostrils or mouth, of masses of false membrane accompanied by whitish and sometimes blood-stained fluid. Secondarily the mucous membrane of the nasal fossæ appears inflamed to a varying degree. The conjunctiva is also affected, the eyes are watering. An important symptom consists in the fact that this watering is accompanied by internal ophthalmia, as in gangrenous coryza. In consequence of the respiratory difficulty, the animal takes up a characteristic attitude, holding its neck stiffly in a horizontal position and its head completely extended; the nostrils are widely dilated. When the disease is fully-developed rumination is suppressed, the bowels are constipated and the fæces are coated as in grave cases of enteritis, the yield of milk diminishes, the heart beats feebly, the pulse remains small; death may occur from asphyxia, and probably also from intoxication. The disease usually lasts from eight to ten days, but death may occur earlier. In the majority of cases, however, the animal can be saved. All the symptoms diminish, the temperature falls, rumination again appears and with it appetite, and the whole condition becomes normal. Many animals, however, remain thin and recover slowly; these are principally cases which have suffered from pseudo-membranous bronchitis. =Lesions.= The lesions may be confined to the larynx, but may also invade neighbouring cavities. They consist in the formation of mucoalbuminous and fibrinous exudates, covering the mucous membrane in superposed layers, penetrating the epithelial stratum, and adhering so strongly to the corium that attempts to loosen them cause the deeper seated structures to bleed. =Diagnosis.= The symptoms are sufficiently well marked to prevent any confusion arising except with gangrenous coryza, but in this case there is no ophthalmia lesion of the nasal cavities, cutaneous eruption, or eruption over the claws. =The prognosis= is grave when the disease attacks debilitated or exhausted animals. =The treatment= is confined entirely to treating symptoms. As in all acute inflammatory affections, moderate bleeding, sinapisms over the region of the larynx, repeated as often as necessary, or applications of antimonial ointment have been recommended. Applications of moxas or setons in the neighbourhood of the dewlap might possibly prove of value. Internally tartar emetic, in doses proportioned to the size of the animal (2½ to 3 drachms in adults), has been recommended; also iodide of potassium.