The injection, which should be given slowly, is followed by a fit of coughing, and the expired air has the odour of turpentine. This treatment has also been successful at Milan. Similar favourable results have followed Hutton’s treatment of eight calves, some of which were in the last stage of verminous bronchitis. He employed a mixture of oil of turpentine, tincture of opium, pure carbolic acid, and water—the oil of turpentine forming one-half of the mixture. The dose was ½ an ounce, and in the serious cases this was given every day for three days, and in other cases every second or third day. Kriwonogow has likewise cured twenty-two calves by giving each of them two tracheal injections of 8 grams of the following mixture: Essence of cloves and oil of turpentine, 360 parts of each; carbolic acid and olive oil, 30 parts of each. (Williams speaks highly of the administration of prussic acid. Penhale gives—by intra-tracheal injection, and slowly—oil of turpentine 2 drams, carbolic acid 20 minims, and chloroform ½ a dram.) CHAPTER IV. LUNGS AND PLEURÆ. PULMONARY CONGESTION. Besides passive congestions of the lung, which it is unnecessary to describe here, and which result from cardiac or pericardiac affections or the compression of important vessels, there sometimes occur, particularly among young animals, cases of active congestion of the lung. Such cases are produced by over-exertion on the part of animals which have escaped from control or have been chased by dogs. They are most common in animals usually kept in stables, but which have accidentally escaped, or in very fat animals. Dyspnœa and cough are the chief =symptoms=. The animals stop as though exhausted, extend their neck and head, dilate their nostrils and thrust their limbs out on either side of the body, while at the same time they appear in a condition of terrible distress. The respiration is rapid and short, the patient can scarcely breathe, and asphyxia seems imminent. On auscultation it seems that the respiratory murmur has disappeared over almost the entire extent of the lung. Death may occur very quickly. =The diagnosis= is extremely easy, provided that the history is known. =The prognosis= is grave. One of the most successful methods of =treatment= consists in free bleeding. In a great majority of cases this causes the symptoms to abate as though by enchantment. Cutaneous stimulation by mustard and similar irritants, as well as ablutions of cold water, are useful. The animal should be placed in a very airy spot. SIMPLE PNEUMONIA. =History.= Veterinary surgeons have long been divided in opinion on the question whether simple pneumonia occurs in animals of the bovine species. Whilst some affirm it, others think that all lesions of the lung in the ox, apart from pneumonia due to foreign bodies, should be regarded as of the nature of peripneumonia.