In the first place, it had very little effect, and that little was only temporary. Even if every civilised nation had driven out the Gipseys at the same time, Europe could not have been entirely cleared of them, so long as they preserved an asylum in Turkey. Now, as experience evinces there is no country in which a constant equal attention is paid to the execution of the laws, they would, in more or less time, have again insinuated themselves into the neighbouring countries; from these into others; and recommenced where they had left off. But a general extermination never did happen: for the law for banishing them passed in one state before it was thought of in the next, or when a like order had long become obsolete and sunk into oblivion. These desirable guests were, therefore, merely compelled to shift their quarters to an adjoining state, where they remained till the government began to clear them away; upon which the fugitives either retired back whence they came, or went on progressively to a third place, thus making a continual revolution. Secondly, this remedy was premature: endeavouring to exterminate was the same as if a surgeon should proceed directly to the amputation of a diseased limb, because it created inconvenience to the rest of the body. Whereas the first enquiry ought to be, Whether the disorder were of such a nature, as not to be removed but by entire separation? This is a desperate course, and should only be adopted when no other can be efficacious. Though it be proved that the Gipseys had occasioned ever so much mischief, it was not impossible that they might cease to be such pernicious beings: at least there had never been any trial made, by which this impossibility could be ascertained. Men may be formed to any thing. Had proper means been used for their civilisation, it is highly probable the event would have proved that they were not incapable of becoming better. If several Gipseys, at different times, have voluntarily emerged from their savageness, how much more likely is it that the remainder might have been altered, had they received such aids as their necessities required?—But expelling the Gipseys entirely was not merely a premature step; it was,