Dissertations on the English Language, with Notes, Historical and Critical;: to Which is Added, by Way of Appendix, an Essay on a Reformed Mode of Spelling, With Dr. Franklin's Arguments on that SubjectWebster, Noah
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Dissertations on the English Language, with Notes, Historical and Critical;: to Which is Added, by Way of Appendix, an Essay on a Reformed Mode of Spelling, With Dr. Franklin's Arguments on that Subject
Webster, Noah
English language -- Early works to 1800; English language -- Grammar -- Early works to 1800; Spelling reform -- Early works to 1800
The truth is, so far is our heroic verse from being confined to the
Iambic measure, that it admits of eight feet, and in some instances of
nine. I will not perplex my readers with a number of hard names, but
proceed to explain the several feet, and show in what places of the
line they are admissible.
An Iambic foot, which is the ground of English numbers, consists of
two syllables, the first _short_ and the second _long_. This foot is
admitted into every place of the line. Example, all Iambics.
"Wh[)e]re sl[=a]ves [)o]nce m[=o]re th[)e]ir n[=a]t[)i]ve l[=a]nd
b[)e]h[=o]ld,
N[)o] fi[=e]nds t[)o]rm[=e]nt, n[)o] chr[=i]sti[)a]ns th[=i]rst,
f[)o]r g[=o]ld."
Pope.
The Trochee is a foot consisting of two syllables, the first _long_ and
the second _short_. Example.
"_W[=a]rms_ [)i]n the sun, refreshes in the breeze,
_Glows in_ the stars, and blossoms in the trees."
Pope.
The Trochee is not admissible into the second place of the line;
but in the third and fourth it may have beauty, when it creates a
correspondence between the sound and sense.
"Eve rightly call'd _m[=o]th[)e]r_ of all mankind."
"And staggered by the stroke, _dr[=o]ps th[)e]_ large ox."
The Spondee is a foot consisting of two long syllables. This may be
used in any place of the line.
1. "_G[=o]od l[=i]fe_ be now my task, my doubts are done."
Dryden.
2. "As some _l[=o]ne mo[=u]nt_ain's monstrous growth he stood."
Pope.
But it has a greater beauty, when preceded by a Trochee.
"L[=o]ad th[)e] _t[=a]ll b[=a]rk_ and launch into the main."
3. "The mountain goats _c[=a]me b[=o]und_ing o'er the lawn."
4. "He spoke, and speaking in _pr[=o]ud tr[=i]_umph spread,
The long contended honors of her head."
Pope.
5. "Singed are his brows, the scorching lids _gr[=o]w bl[=a]ck_."
Pope.
The Pyrrhic is a foot of two short syllables; it is graceful in the
first and fourth places, and is admissible into the second and third.
1. "_N[)o]r [)i]n_ the helpless orphan dread a foe."
Pope.
2. ----"On they move,
Indis_s[)o]l[)u]_bly firm."----Milton.
3. "The two extremes appear like man and wife,
Coupled togeth_[)e]r f[)o]r_ the sake of strife."
Churchill.
But this foot is most graceful in the fourth place.
"The dying gales that pant _[)u]p[)o]n_ the trees."
"To farthest shores the ambrosial spirit flies,
Sweet to the world and grate_f[)u]l t[)o]_ the skies."
The Amphibrach is a foot of three syllables, the first and third short,
and the second long. It is used in heroic verse only when we take the
liberty to add a short syllable to a line.
"The piece you say is incorrect, _wh[)y] t[=a]ke [)i]t_,
I'm all submission, what you'd have _[)i]t, m[=a]ke [)i]t_."
This foot is hardly admissible in the solemn or sublime stile. Pope has
indeed admitted it into his Essay on Man:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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