All the tendencies and forces that have been described in the present chapter under the heads of Monopoly, Excessive Gains, and Exclusion from the Land, are in some degree real defects and abuses of the existing system of land tenure. Most of them do not seem to be sufficiently understood or appreciated by the more ardent defenders of private ownership. To recognise them, and to seek adequate correctives of them would seem to be the task of both righteousness and expediency. In the next and final chapter of this Section, we shall consider certain remedies that seem to be at once effective and just. FOOTNOTES: [49] "Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Petroleum Industry," Part I, p. 8. [50] P. 138. [51] Cf. Ely, "Monopolies and Trusts," pp. 59, sq. [52] P. 133. [53] Pp. 68, 69. [54] "Final Report of the U. S. Industrial Commission," p. 463; Bliss, "New Encyclopedia of Social Reform," pp. 245, 770; Van Hise, "Concentration and Control," pp. 32, 33. [55] Idem, pp. 46, 47; cf. "Final Report of Industrial Commission," pp. 463-465. [56] "Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Steel Industry," Part I, p. 60. [57] Cf. Hobson, "The Industrial System," pp. 192-197. [58] Pp. 15, 16, 29-31. [59] Cf. "Progress and Poverty," books III and IV. [60] Cf. Walker, "Land and Its Rent," pp. 168-182, Boston, 1883. [61] Page 158. [62] Page 160. [63] Page 158; footnote. [64] "Privilege and Democracy," p. 307. [65] Page 160. [66] Op. cit., pages 160, 158. [67] Professor Nearing in "The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science," March, 1915. [68] Thirteenth Census, Bulletin on "Farms and Farm Property," page 1. [69] _The Public_, Nov. 26, 1915. For an account of increases in the principal European cities, see Camille-Husymans, "La plus-value immobilière dans les communes belges"; Gand, 1909. [70] "Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Lumber Industry," Part I, pp. 214-216. [71] King, op. cit., p. 158. [72] Thirteenth Census, Vol. I, p. 1295. [73] Hobson, "The Evolution of Modern Capitalism," p. 4; London, 1907. [74] _Harper's Monthly Magazine_, Jan., 1910. [75] Watkins, "The Growth of Large Fortunes," p. 75; N. Y., 1907. [76] Idem, p. 93. [77] Youngman, "The Economic Causes of Great Fortunes," p. 45; N. Y., 1909. [78] Howe, op. cit., pp. 125, 126. [79] Cf. Commons, "The Distribution of Wealth," pp. 252, 257; N. Y., 1893. [80] "Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Steel Industry," Part I, p. 314. [81] "Summary of Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Lumber Industry," pp. 3-8. [82] From articles in "The Single Tax Review," vol. 9, nos. 5, 6. [83] "In a growing city, an advantageous site will command a price more than in proportion to its present rent, because it is expected that the rent will increase still further as the years go on." Taussig, "Principles of Economics," II, 98; N. Y., 1911. CHAPTER VIII METHODS OF REFORMING OUR LAND SYSTEM