Diversions of a NaturalistLankester, E. Ray (Edwin Ray), Sir
History
Diversions of a Naturalist
Lankester, E. Ray (Edwin Ray), Sir
Natural history
Other crustaceans of several kinds, of an inch and more in
length--transparent, delicate creatures, resembling small prawns
in appearance--also produce light. Some of them are known by names
referring to this fact, such as Lucifer (light-bearer) and Nyctiphanes
(night-shiner). They possess special lantern-like knobs scattered
about on the body, which have transparent lenses, and resemble small
bull's-eye lanterns. Some have a row of seven lanterns on each side
of the body (Fig. 21), but one kind has as many as 150 dotted about.
These lanterns were only a few years ago thought to be eyes, and their
elaborate microscopic structure was described as that of an eye. Of
course, this was due to the fact that dead preserved specimens were
studied, and not the living animal. Some twenty years ago I witnessed
a most impressive exhibition of these phosphorescent shrimps at the
house of my friend Sir John Murray, of the "Challenger," at Millport,
on the Clyde. He had obtained them (the kind called Nyctiphanes) in
great quantities at a depth of ninety fathoms in the great Scotch
fiord, and amongst other curious facts about them had shown that they
enter Loch Fyne in vast numbers, and are the special nourishment of the
celebrated Loch Fyne herrings. It had been noticed that the intestine
of the plump, well-fed herrings is full of a deep-black substance, and
Sir John Murray showed that this was the black, indigestible pigment
of the eyes of the hundreds of phosphorescent shrimps swallowed by
these favoured fish, which owe their fine quality to their special
opportunity for feeding in the depths of the loch on the exceptionally
abundant and nutritious light-producing crustaceans! At night my friend
showed me a large glass vessel holding four or five gallons, in which
were a hundred or so of the phosphorescent shrimps swimming around. We
turned out the lamps of the room, and all was dark. Then a gentle tap
was given to the jar, and each little crustacean lit up, as though by
order, a row of seven minute lamps on each side of its body, swimming
along meanwhile, and reminding one of a passenger steamer, as seen from
the shore, as it glides along at night with its lights showing through
a row of cabin windows. The shrimps' lights shone steadily for a minute
or so, then ceased, and had to be lit up again by again signalling
their owners by knocking on the glass. These little lamps, with their
bull's-eye lenses, are far more elaborate structures than the glands
which in other cases cause a flash by discharging a luminous secretion
into the water. They are even more elaborate than the internal
permanent phosphorescent structure of the glow-worm (an insect, not a
crustacean), which has no condensing lens.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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