Diversions of a NaturalistLankester, E. Ray (Edwin Ray), Sir
History
Diversions of a Naturalist
Lankester, E. Ray (Edwin Ray), Sir
Natural history
In reality these queerly-moving long legs serve the insect effectively
in making its way among the closely-set blades of grass about which
it crawls. The legs easily come off, and the loss of one does not
appear to be a serious matter. Probably the easy detachment of a leg
enables the fly to escape if one of them gets caught and nipped in
overlapping blades of grass--though such a throwing away of a limb
seems a rather reckless proceeding, especially since the insect has
no power of "regeneration" as it is called, that is, of growing a new
leg to replace the lost one. There are several well-known instances
of animals which have the power of breaking off a leg or the tail if
seized by an enemy or otherwise gripped. The smaller lizards and the
legless lizard, called the "slow-worm," have this power in regard to
the tail, but they proceed to grow a new tail after they have escaped.
Some marine worms have a similar faculty, and some star-fishes (hence
called "brittle-stars") have a most annoying habit of throwing off
their "arms" when caught. The central disk of these star-fish, with all
its arms shed, can "regenerate" the lost parts. Crabs, too, of various
kinds have the habit, when caught by the leg, of breaking it off, and
they may often be found with a completely-formed little leg, which
has been "regenerated" or grown afresh, and will in due time attain
full size. The beautiful hairy skin of the tail of the little dormouse
also will come off when the animal is caught by it, leaving the bony
blood-stained skeleton of the tail exposed to dry and wither up. There
is no re-growth in this case. I was horrified when I was a boy to see
six dormice reduced to this condition in the bird and beast shop on the
staircase of the old Pantheon bazaar. They had escaped from their cage
whilst I was looking on, and the shopman endeavoured to catch them,
with this distressing result.
So we find that the loss of its legs by the "daddy" is a means of
safety to it, and is a similar provision to that seen in some other
animals. It seems improbable that the "old father long-legs" who
"would not say his prayers" (according to an ancient nursery rhyme),
is a myth referring to a daddy-long-legs of the insect kind, since the
recommendation to "take him by his left leg and throw him downstairs"
would have been futile; his left leg would have come off as soon
as seized, and have greatly embarrassed the individual intending
to throw him downstairs! Another kind of insect-like animal, which
occurs commonly in cobwebby outhouses, and has a globular body and
eight very long legs--easily broken off--is also commonly called a
"daddy-long-legs." It has no wings, and is allied to the spiders,
though it is not a true spider--having a minute pair of nippers near
its mouth, instead of the pair of stabbing claws which spiders have.
It is frequently called a "harvester," a name loosely applied to other
small creatures. It is known to zoologists as Opilio.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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