c, The same in section, showing well the reflected or turned-over spine-like end of the bract; letters as before. d, One of the winged seeds detached.] There are many "spruces," other species of the genus Picea, from various parts of Europe, temperate Asia, and North America, which are cultivated in English parks and gardens. Such are the American white and red and black spruces, the Siberian, the Oriental, the Servian, and the tiger's-tail Japanese spruce. Then there is the beautiful variety of the blue American spruce, Picea pungens. The blue-grey colour of the needles is frequently obtained as a "variety" in the cultivation of different species of conifers, as also is the yellow, or golden-leaved, condition. [Illustration: FIG. 37. A, The female cone of the Common Spruce, Picea excelsa. Half the natural size (linear measurement). It hangs from its attachment instead of standing up as does the cone of the silver fir. B, Ripe cone-scale of the Common Spruce, detached and seen from the inner face, so as to show the two winged seeds. Enlarged.] In the genus Abies, associated with the silver fir, are a whole series of American, Siberian, and Japanese species. An interesting one is the Californian Abies bracteata, which has thornlike processes on the cone 2 inches in length, corresponding to the re-curved spines on the cone of the silver fir. It was introduced into England in 1853, and specimens are growing in Eastnor Park, near Ledbury. The beautiful _pinsapo_ of the Spanish Sierra Nevada also belongs to the genus Abies, and may be seen in some English plantations. The Tsuga firs of Japan and North America are related to Abies, but are now placed in a separate genus (Tsuga), as also is the Douglas fir of North America (Pseudotsuga), which has been extensively planted in Great Britain. The Douglas fir is readily recognized by the decorative trifid outer scales or "bracts" of the rather short cone (Fig. 42). When freshly grown these cones have beautiful purple tints mingled with pale green. [Illustration: FIG. 38.--Cone and foliage (many needles in each tuft) of the Common Larch, Larix Europœa. Of the natural size.]