Does civilization need religion? : $b A study in the social resources and limitations of religion in modern lifeNiebuhr, Reinhold
Religion
Does civilization need religion? : $b A study in the social resources and limitations of religion in modern life
Niebuhr, Reinhold
Christian civilization; Christianity; Philosophy and religion
Intelligence will gradually soften prejudices and
allay the conflict between Christianity and the Judaism out of which it
emerged and with which it is organically related so that the religions
of the prophetic ideal may make common cause. Such a coöperation will
probably never lead to complete fusion because Christianity cannot
afford to sacrifice the Christ idea and the Jews will continue to
regard this as a Hellenistic and unacceptable element in the Christian
religion. Christianity will not disavow it, for it gives dramatic
force and historical concretion to its theism and dualism. The God
of our devotion is veritably revealed most adequately in the most
perfect personality we know, as he is potentially revealed in all
personal values; and his conflict with the inertia of the concrete and
historical world is expressed most vividly in the cross of Christ.
When dealing with life’s ultimates, symbolism is indispensable, and a
symbolism which has a basis in historic incident is most effective. The
idea of a potent but yet suffering divine ideal which is defeated by
the world but gains its victory in the defeat must remain basic in any
morally creative world view.
It is possible of course that the resources of the Christian religion
will not be made available in time to save Western civilization from
moral bankruptcy. It is possible that life will continue to run its
course of conflict between the unrestrained ambitions and desires of
individuals and groups until unqualified self-assertiveness will issue
in mutual destruction. It is possible that cynicism will continue
to discount the moral potentialities of human nature while science
continues to give plausibility to a depreciation of the moral factors
in life by arming the brute in man and making his vices more deadly.
Civilization may be beyond moral redemption; but if it is to be
redeemed a religiously inspired moral idealism must aid in the task.
A purely naturalistic ethics will not only be overcome by a sense
of frustration and sink into despair, but it will lack the force to
restrain the self-will and self-interest of men and of nations. If life
cannot be centered in something beyond nature, it will not be possible
to lift men above the brute struggle for survival. Intelligence may
mitigate its cruelties and prudence may prompt men to eliminate its
worst inhumanities; but the increased power which the conquest of
nature supplies merely substitutes unintended cruelties for those which
have been consciously abolished. Living on the naturalistic level men
are bound to contend for life’s physical prizes and to use physical
force in the contest with more and more deadly effect.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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