These reasons and others demand a more detailed examination. It is true
in domestic service, as in other occupations, that many drift into it
because it is apparently the only course open to them, but there are
certain advantages and disadvantages which a person who is free to choose
always weighs before deciding for or against the occupation.
The most obvious advantage is that of high remuneration,[244] including
not only wages and expenses, but as has been seen, the factors of steady
employment, certainty of position, and the fact that no capital is
required at any stage of the work or in preparation for it.
A second advantage is that the occupation is conducive to good health,
including as it does regularity and variety of work, and involving no
personal inconvenience or discomfort.[245] In one third of the families
considered men servants are employed in some capacity, and this means
that much of the hard work is done by them.
A third advantage is the fact that it gives at least the externals of
a home. This consideration weighs especially with the foreign born and
those who have no homes of their own.[246] How varied and numerous these
home privileges are is best illustrated by the replies given by employers
to the question, “Do you grant any special privileges?” Thirty answered
“No,” and one hundred and seventy-five gave no answer. Eight hundred
enumerated special privileges, and these formed sixty-eight different
classes. The most important of these are single rooms, medical care and
attendance when sick, use of daily papers, books, and magazines, evening
instruction, sitting-room for visitors, no restrictions as to visitors,
use of bath-room and sewing-machine, use of horse and carriage when
distant from church, seat at table except when guests are present, seat
in church, and concert and theatre tickets (in the families of newspaper
reporters). Many other privileges are mentioned,—these are the most
frequently granted. Seventy per cent of the employers state that they
give a single room, but about one half of this number employ only one
domestic. In many cases a large room is given for every two domestics,
with separate furniture for each. One hundred and forty-six specify
the use of the dining-room, and ninety-four families give the use of
a special sitting-room. All of these privileges show that even if the
employee is not a member of the family, her life is as much a part of it,
with the single exception of a seat at the family table, as is that of
the average boarder.
This enumeration of privileges does not include two other classes which
have in a sense ceased to be regarded as such, but rather as prerogatives
of the position. These are freedom from work at specified times each week
and a stated vacation during the year with or without wages.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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