“To be a good citizen is better than being in aristocratic society. I say that because in Russia, nowadays, one doesn’t know whom to respect. You’ll agree that it’s a serious malady of the age, when people don’t know whom to respect, isn’t it?”[138] I am sure that beyond the darkness enveloping tortured Russia to-day Dostoevsky would still see the light of hope. Perhaps too he would think (the idea appears several times in his novels and in his letters) that Russia is offering herself in sacrifice like Kirillov, and for the salvation, perhaps, of the rest of Europe, and of humanity. FOOTNOTES [31] _House of the Dead_, p. 240. [32] Bienstock, p. 449. Letter to Mlle. Guérassimov, Petersburg, March 7, 1877. [33] Bienstock, p. 94. Letter to his brother Michael, spring of 1847. [34] Bienstock, p. 98. Letter to his brother Michael, from the fortress, July 18, 1849. [35] Bienstock, p. 100. Letter to his brother Michael, from the fortress, August 27, 1849. [36] Bienstock, p. 101. Letter to his brother Michael, from the fortress, September 14, 1849. [37] Bienstock, p. 103. Letter to his brother Michael, from the fortress, December 22, 1849. [38] A. P. Miliukov in his _Reminiscences_, 1881. [39] See Mayne, pp. 51 sqq. [40] The _Decembrists_. [41] Mayne, pp. 51-65. [42] Bienstock, pp. 104-105. Letter to his brother Michael, Semipalatinsk, July 30, 1854. [43] Bienstock, p. 106. Letter to his brother Andrey, Semipalatinsk, November 6, 1854. [44] Bienstock, p. 107. Letter to his brother Andrey, Semipalatinsk, November 6, 1854. [45] Bienstock, pp. 233-235. Letter to Baron Alexander Wrangel, Petersburg, March 31, 1865. [46] Bienstock, p. 239. Letter to Baron Alexander Wrangel, Petersburg, April 14, 1865. [47] _Crime and Punishment_, p. 492. [48] _The Idiot_, pp. 217-220. [49] See _Nouvelle Revue Française_, June-July, 1922, and _Stavrogin’s Confession_, translated, with introductory and explanatory notes, by _S. S. Koteliansky_ and _Virginia Woolf_, 1922. (_Translator’s note._) [50] _The Possessed_, p. 172. [51] _The Possessed_, p. 175. [52] _The Possessed_, p. 175. [53] _A Raw Youth_, p. 327. [54] _Notes from Underground_, pp. 86-87. [55] _Notes from Underground_, pp. 88-89. [56] “However adventurous the Russian genius,” wrote Boris de Schloezer in the _Nouvelle Revue Française_, February, 1922, “it characteristically chooses a firm foundation in concrete fact and living reality: this basis once assured, it launches out into speculation of the most abstract and daring nature, returning in the end, rich with the gathered spoils of thought, to the fact and reality from which it started and in which it is perfected.” [57] E.g. Lebedyev in _The Idiot_. See Appendix (2), the admirable chapter describing Lebedyev’s enjoyment in torturing General Ivolgin. [58] _The Possessed_, p. 495. [59] _A Raw Youth_, p. 507. [60] _The Possessed_, pp. 489-490. [61] _A Raw Youth_, p. 215. [62] See the _Journal_. [63] Garnett, Vol. XI.