"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
A battlefield is a confusing place, and the Virginians, though mostly
trained soldiers, were not regulars who had lived and drilled together
over the previous months. Their captain shouted the order given him by
Howard, and the men wheeled and began marching toward the rear. The
Maryland and Delaware Continentals, seeing this strange departure,
noting that it was done in perfect order and with deliberation, assumed
that they had missed an order to fall back. They wheeled and followed
the Virginians. On the opposite flank, the other company of Virginians
repeated this performance. In 60 seconds the whole patriot line was
retreating.
Behind the geographical crest of the hill, Morgan and Pickens had
managed to steady and reorganize the militia. Morgan galloped back
toward the military crest on which he assumed the Continentals were
still fighting. He was thunderstruck to find them retreating. In a fury,
he rode up to Howard and cried: “Are you beaten?”
Howard pointed to his unbroken ranks and told Morgan that soldiers who
retreated in that kind of order were not beaten. Morgan agreed and told
him to stay with the men and he would ride back and choose the place
where the Continentals should turn and rally. The Old Wagoner spurred
his horse ahead toward the geographical crest of the hill, about 50
paces behind their first line.
On the British side of the battlefield, the sight of the retreating
Continentals revived hopes of an easy victory. Major McArthur of the
71st sought out Tarleton and urged him to order the cavalry reserve to
charge and turn the retreat into a rout. Tarleton claimed that he sent
this order to the cavalry, who were now at least 400 yards away from the
vortex of the battle. Perhaps he did. It would very probably have been
obeyed if it had arrived in time. The dragoons of the British Legion
liked nothing so much as chopping up a retreating enemy.
But events now occurred with a rapidity that made it impossible for the
cavalry to respond. The center of Tarleton’s line of infantry surged up
the slope after the Continentals, bayonets lowered, howling for American
blood. With almost half their officers dead or wounded by now, they lost
all semblance of military formation.
Far down the battlefield, where he had halted his pursuit of the British
cavalry, William Washington saw what was happening. He sent a horseman
racing to Morgan with a terse message. “They are coming on like a mob.
Give them another fire and I will charge them.” Thomas Young, riding
with Washington, never forgot the moment. “The bugle sounded,” he said.
“We made a half circuit at full speed and came upon the rear of the
British line shouting and charging like madmen.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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