"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
Discipline as well as mercy made the order advisable. The battle was not
over. The Highlanders were still fighting fiercely against Pickens’ men.
Tarleton was riding frantically toward his Legion cavalry to bring them
back into the battle. But the militia riflemen were back on the field
and Tarleton was their prime target. Bullets whistled around him as he
rode. Several hit his horse. The animal crashed to the ground. Tarleton
sprang up, his saber ready. Dr. Robert Jackson, assistant surgeon of the
71st, galloped to the distraught lieutenant colonel and offered him his
horse. Tarleton refused. For a moment he seemed ready to die on the
chaotic battlefield with his men. Dr. Jackson urged him again. Springing
off his horse, he told Tarleton, “Your safety is of the highest
importance to the army.”
Tarleton mounted Jackson’s horse and rode to rally his troops. Fastening
a white handkerchief to his cane, Jackson strolled toward the
all-but-victorious Americans. No matter how the battle ended, he wanted
to stay alive to tend the wounded.
Looking over his shoulder at the battlefield, Tarleton clung to a shred
of hope. An all-out charge by the cavalry could still “retrieve the
day,” he said later. The Americans were “much broken by their rapid
advance.”
But the British Legion had no appetite for another encounter with the
muskets of Andrew Pickens’ militia. “All attempts to restore order,
recollection [of past glory] or courage, proved fruitless,” Tarleton
said. No less than 200 Legion dragoons wheeled their horses and galloped
for safety in the very teeth of Tarleton’s harangue. Fourteen officers
and 40 dragoons of the 17th Regiment obeyed his summons and charged with
him toward the all-but-disintegrated British battle line. Their chief
hope was to save the cannon and rescue some small consolation from the
defeat.
Stages of the Battle
Because the battle was a continuous flow of action from the opening
skirmish to the pell-mell flight of the Legion dragoons at the end, the
important maneuvers cannot all be shown on a single map. This sequence
of maps diagrams the main stages of the battle.
[Illustration: 1.]
Skirmishers drive back Tarleton’s cavalry, sent forward to examine the
enemy’s lines, and then withdraw into Pickens’ line of militia. Without
pausing, Tarleton forms his line of battle.
Green River Road
Route 11
Morgan’s camp
Washington’s cavalry
Visitor Center
Howard’s Continentals
Pickens’ militia
Skirmishers
17th dragoons
Legion dragoons
Tarleton’s main line
71st Highlanders
Scruggs House
[Illustration: 2.]
The British advance on Pickens’ militia, who deliver the promised two
shots each and fall back on the flanks. When they are pursued by British
dragoons, Washington’s cavalry charges into action and drives them off.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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