"Downright Fighting": The Story of CowpensFleming, Thomas J.
History
"Downright Fighting": The Story of Cowpens
Fleming, Thomas J.
Cowpens National Battlefield (S.C.); Cowpens, Battle of, Cowpens, S.C., 1781
On the same morning that Tarleton was making his doleful report,
Washington and Pickens returned to Cowpens. On their ride back, they
collected several dozen—some versions make it as many as 100—additional
British soldiers straggling through the woods. At the battlefield they
found only the two surgeons caring for the wounded and a handful of
Pickens’ men guarding them. Daniel Morgan, knowing Cornwallis would make
a determined effort to regain the prisoners, had crossed the Broad River
on the afternoon of the battle and headed northwest toward Gilbert Town.
Pickens and Washington caught up to him there, and Morgan gave Pickens
charge of the prisoners, with orders to head for an upper ford of the
Catawba River. Decoying Cornwallis, Morgan led his Continentals toward a
lower ford of the same river. In an exhausting five-day march, often in
an icy rain, both units got across this deep, swift-running stream ahead
of the pursuing British. The prisoners were now beyond Cornwallis’s
reach. They were soon marched to camps in Virginia, where the men Morgan
helped capture at Saratoga were held.
This final retreat, a vital maneuver that consolidated the field victory
at Cowpens, worsened Morgan’s sciatica. From the east bank of the
Catawba, he warned Greene that he would have to leave the army. “I grow
worse every hour,” he wrote. “I can’t ride or walk.” As the rain
continued to pour down, Morgan had to abandon his tent and seek the
warmth of a private house. Greene immediately rode from Cheraw Hills and
took personal command of the army. By the time Morgan departed for
Virginia on February 10, he was in such pain that he had to be carried
in a litter.
A grateful Congress showered the Cowpens victors with praise and
rewards. Morgan was voted a gold medal, and Howard and Washington were
voted silver medals. Pickens received a silver sword. Perhaps the most
immediate result of the battle was in the minds of the people of the
South. The victory sent a wave of hope through the Carolinas and
Georgia. It also changed attitudes in Congress toward the southern
States. John Mathews of South Carolina told Greene that “the
intelligence ... seems to have had a very sensible effect on _some
folks_, for as this is a convincing proof that something is to be done
in that department ... they seem at present to be well disposed to give
it every possible aid.”
The news had an exhilarating effect on Greene’s half of the southern
army. He ordered a celebration and praised Morgan extravagantly in the
general orders announcing the victory. A friend on Greene’s staff sent a
copy to Morgan, adding, “It was written immediately after we heard the
news, and during the operation of some cherry bounce.” To Francis
Marion, Greene wrote, “After this, nothing will appear difficult.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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