Draining for Profit, and Draining for HealthWaring, George E. (George Edwin)
Science
Draining for Profit, and Draining for Health
Waring, George E. (George Edwin)
Drain-tiles; Drainage
*The Ordering of the Tile.*—The main line from the outlet up to the
silt-basin, should be of 3-1/2-inch tiles, of which about 190 feet will be
required. The main drain _A_ should be laid with 2-1/4-inch tiles to the
point marked _m_, near its upper end, as the lateral entering there
carries the water of a spring, which is supposed to fill a 1-1/4-inch
tile. The length of this drain, from the silt-basin to that point is 575
feet. The main drain _C_ will require 2-1/4 inch tiles from the silt-basin
to the junction with the lateral, which is marked _C_ 10, above which
point there is about 1,700 feet of drain discharging into it, a portion of
which, being a stone-and-tile drain at the foot of a rock, may be supposed
to receive more water than that which lies under the rest of the
land;—distance 450 feet. The main drain _E_ requires 2-1/4-inch tiles from
the outlet to the point marked _o_, a distance of 380 feet. This tile
will, in addition to its other work, carry as much water from the spring,
on the line of its fourth lateral, as would fill a 1-1/4-inch pipe.(12)
The length of the main drains above the points indicated, and of all the
laterals, amounts to about 12,250 feet. These all require 1-1/4-inch
tiles.
Allowing about five per cent. for breakage, the order in round numbers,
will be as follows:(13)
3-1/2-inch round tiles 200 feet.
2-1/4-inch round tiles 1,500 feet.
1-1/4-inch round tiles 13,000 feet.
3-1/2-inch round tiles 1,600
2-1/4-inch round tiles 13,250
Order, also, 25 6-inch sole-tiles, to be used in making small silt-basins.
It should be arranged to have the tiles all on the ground before the work
of ditching commences, so that there may be no delay and consequent danger
to the stability of the banks of the ditches, while waiting for them to
arrive. As has been before stated, it should be especially agreed with the
tile-maker, at the time of making the contract, that every tile should be
perfect;—of uniform shape, and neither too much nor too little burned.
*Staking Out.*—Due consideration having been given to such preliminaries
as are connected with the mapping of the ground, and the arrangement, on
paper, of the drains to be made, the drainer may now return to his field,
and, while awaiting the arrival of his tiles, make the necessary
preparation for the work to be done. The first step is to fix certain
prominent points, which will serve to connect the map with the field, by
actual measurements, and this will very easily be done by the aid of the
stakes which are still standing at the intersections of the 50-foot lines,
which were used in the preliminary levelling.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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