The aborigines[108] of Borneo, if we are to believe Commodore Roggewein,[109] are the “basest, most cruel and perfidious people in the world.” They are “honest, industrious, strongly affectionate and self-denying,” if we are to credit the account of the Italian missionary, Antonio Ventimiglia. When such diversity of opinion is manifested about the people, some discordance might naturally be supposed to exhibit itself in the matter of their potations. But this is not thus. The great drink of the Beajus is allowed on all hands to be the _ava_ or _cava_, prepared from the _piper methysticum_, or intoxicating pepper plant. This is a shrub with thick roots, long heart-shaped leaves, and a clump or spike of berries. The root is chewed only—it is satisfactory to learn—by young girls with good teeth and dainty mouths.[110] Water or cocoa-nut milk is poured on the masticated pulp, fermentation ensues, and the _Beajus_ drink and become drunken. The mass of chewed matter is kneaded with considerable dexterity by practised professionals. “Every tongue is mute,” says Mariner—one of the crew of a vessel seized by the natives in the commencement of this century,—“while this operation is going on; every eye is upon them, watching every motion of their arms as they describe the various curvilinear turns essential to success.” _Ava_ is also drunk in Otaheite, in the Feejee islands, and those of the Marquesas and of the South Seas. CHINA. _Tar-asun_, extracted from barley or wheat, is the beer of China. It is sweet, and commonly drunk warm, before distillation. The mixed liquor from which it is prepared is called _tchoo_, or wine; after that, _sam_ or _san_ is prefixed, to show its hot nature. _Samtchoo_—the word is spelt in many ways—may, says Barrow (_Travels_, p. 304), be considered the basis of the best _arrack_, itself a mere rectification of the above spirit with the addition of molasses and the juice of the cocoa-nut tree. _Bell’s Travels_, ii., 9. [Illustration] [Illustration] ENGLAND. Love of the English for Beer—A National Drink—Private Brewing—A French View of English Society—Sir John Barleycorn—The “Black Jack” and “Leather Bottel”—“Toby Philpot”—Burton-on-Trent—Bottled Beer—Brewers—The Village Ale-house—Various Beers. “Back and syde goo bare, goo bare, Both hande and foote goo colde; But, Bellie, God send the good ale inowghe Whether hyt be newe or old.”