The functional activity of the kidneys varies greatly from day to day. At times the urine is very scanty and high colored, at others, passed in quantity and of a light straw color. Unlike the urine of opium takers, the gravity varies markedly from day to day (1.006 to 1.045). On the mucous surface of the bladder and urethra the continued use of this drug sometimes produces decided irritation, and often congestion. Frequent desire to urinate, burning and cutting pain in the act, and a sensation as if the contents of the bladder had not been fully evacuated, are often found, more especially in women. It has an action, also, on the muscular structure of the viscus, producing temporary paralysis, with retention. Oxalate of lime, and numerous fibrillæ of mucus, occur as deposits. The reaction varies from intensely acid to distinctly alkaline. Deposits of stellar phosphates are of frequent occurrence. My correspondents report as follows:— Irritability of the bladder, with tenesmus, 21 instances. Hemorrhage from the urinary organs, 6 ” Retention of urine, 11 ” “Atony” and paralysis, 7 ” Albuminuria, 23 ” Reduction of copper test, 16 ” Casts in urine, 7 ” SEXUAL ORGANS. The evidence as to the effect of the continued use of chloral on the sexual apparatus is meagre and conflicting. The sexual appetite seems to be at first decidedly increased, but finally greatly impaired or lost. Such an increase was observed in one case by Dr. J. A. Miller, of Williamsburg, Ky. (non-habituè). I have seen a decided increase in two cases from occasional small doses, where the effect could have been due to nothing but the chloral; and in one case, by Dr. John N. Upshur,[80] where it had been used for weeks, with large doses of the bromides, in a case of tetanus in a negro. On the other hand, Dr. Edward Bradley, of this city, writes me that in ten cases he has found decided decrease in sexual appetite and inability to have an erection in patients taking chloral for a short time. It disappeared shortly after stopping the chloral. Dr. J. W. F. Webb,[81] of Liberty, Miss., has known it to diminish and temporarily destroy the sexual appetite, when taken only for a few days. Also in the case of a chloral eater. Dr. Horatio C. Bigelow,[81] of Washington, D. C., saw “loss of erectile power follow the use for one month of ten grains of the drug, three times daily.” The person was a strong, healthy man, seemingly of good virile power, to whom it had been given for chronic dysentery. He was never so affected before. It was some months before there was any return of power.