in such a manner as _not to think_ of the words which are italicized before uttering those which immediately precede them, and he will find that he will be unable to pronounce the latter. An Anglo-Saxon may try and say the following: "And the star-spangled banner in triumph _doth wave_ O'er the land of the free and the home _of the brave_," and he will find that in saying "in triumph doth wave," he must think of the words "doth wave" before he will be able to utter the word "triumph." Again, in saying "the home of the brave" he must think of the words "of the brave" before he will be able to utter the word "home." A German, consequently, must _think_ of the principal word before he can utter those which qualify it; an Anglo-Saxon must think of the latter before he can utter the former. In place of using mechanical pressure, the same results can be obtained by making the respective parts rigid. Regarding this matter of _making parts rigid_, I want to make the following explanation, illustrating the physiological process going on in so doing. While a part is rendered inactive, placed _hors de combat_, so to say, by the application of mechanical pressure, the same result can also be obtained by making such part rigid. To accomplish this, it is but necessary to positively _think_ of such part, to associate your mind with it, which is equal to an act of expiration when it relates to the abdomen, and inspiration when it relates to the thorax. By positively _thinking_ of the abdomen, which is equal to an expiration therefrom, you will be unable to utter the stress or _rise_ of the voice, which is the product of an expiration from the stomach; by positively thinking of the thorax, which is equal to an inspiration into the same, you will be unable to utter the _fall_ of the voice, which is the product of an inspiration into the chest. The reason is obvious: _We cannot utter sound in the same direction in which we breathe; sound and respiration always following opposite directions._ For the purpose of making satisfactory experiments in this respect, as, in fact, in every other respect in connection with these investigations, it is necessary that inspiration or expiration, as the case may be, should be _continuous_, that is, that either the one or the other should be persisted in until a result is obtained; namely, until an apparent increase or decrease in the size of the part of the body under consideration, or an inflation or depletion of the same, will be perceptible. Though it may be difficult at first, a person will soon learn to distinguish between an increase or a swelling of a part, which means inspiration into the same, and a decrease or a shrinking or diminution thereof, which means expiration from the same. [Illustration] PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VOICE IN RELATION TO WORDS