The younger De Vries (Paul), was born at Antwerp in 1554. He designed _Plusieurs menuiseries comme Portaulx, Garderobes, Buffets, Chalicts, Tables, Arches, Selles, Bancs, Escabelles, Rouleaux à pendre, touailles, Casses à vertes et beaucoup d’autres ouvrages_. The style of furniture shown in the works of the De Vrieses lasted till Rubens arose. [Illustration: PLATE XVIII.—_Flemish Armoire._ Figs. 26–27: HISPANO-FLEMISH DRAWERS. ] Crispin de Passe, or Van der Passe the elder, was born in Arnemuiden about 1560, and was a pupil of Dirk Coornhert (born in Amsterdam in 1522, died in Gouda in 1590). He left a great number of compositions and many remarkable portraits painted in Germany, France, and England, as well as in Holland. A writer, too, of considerable merit, he published many works which he illustrated with his own engravings. In 1585, he became a member of the Guild of St. Luke of Antwerp. Being such a fine engraver, it is not astonishing to find that he excelled in _niello_-work. His composition in this medium, representing “The Five Senses,” resembles in its delicacy the lace, embroidery and incrustations of ivory of the same period. His patterns, sometimes in relief and sometimes in depression, sometimes in white and sometimes in black, are very beautiful. Crispin de Passe had three sons: Crispin (born in Utrecht in 1585); William (1590); and Simon (1591), all of whom were excellent engravers. His daughter, Madeleine (born 1583), was also a good engraver. Among the famous engravers also were the Collaerts. Adrian Collaert, born in Antwerp in 1560, was admitted to the Guild of St. Luke in 1580, and died in 1618. He studied in Italy and on his return composed and engraved many designs of great merit. His son, Hans, born in Antwerp, was also a designer and engraver of note. He worked until 1622. His son, William, was a famous engraver. Adrian Collaert’s designs for goldsmith’s work, silver plate and all artistic products of that nature had a great vogue, and worthily represent the decorations of the Flemish Renaissance. Two of his characteristic designs are reproduced in Plate XXI and Plate XXII. Wood-carving continued to be one of the glories of Flemish Art. Sixteenth century pulpits, bishops’ thrones and choir-stalls still exist in many of the old churches. The names of some of the masters of the chisel who executed these beautiful works have been preserved, and may properly be recalled here. St. Martin’s Church at Ypres contains beautiful stalls carved by Victor Taillebert. He received four thousand florins in payment for his work. Colyn van Cameryck made a magnificent marble mantelpiece for the Kampen Town Hall. The work was done between 1543 and 1545.