[Footnote 41: Seneca speaks of the blue shields of the Yorkshire Brigantes.] [Footnote 42: See Elton, 'Origins of English History,' p. 116.] [Footnote 43: Thurnam, 'British Barrows' (Archaeol. xliii. 474).] [Footnote 44: Propertius, iv. 3, 7.] [Footnote 45: 'Celtic Britain,' p. 40.] [Footnote 46: This seems the least difficult explanation of this strange name. An alternative theory is that it = _Cenomanni_ (a Gallic tribe-name also found in Lombardy). But with this name (which must have been well known to Caesar) we never again meet in Britain. And it is hard to believe that he would not mention a clan so important and so near the sphere of his campaign as the Iceni.] [Footnote 47: See p. 109.] [Footnote 48: These tribes are described by Vitruvius, at the Christian era, as of huge stature, fair, and red-haired. Skeletons of this race, over six feet in height, have been discovered in Yorkshire buried in "monoxylic" coffins; i.e. each formed of the hollowed trunk of an oak tree. See Elton's 'Origins,' p. 168.] [Footnote 49: This correspondence, however, is wholly an antiquarian guess, and rests on no evidence. It is first found in the forged chronicle of "Richard of Cirencester." The _names_ are genuine, being found in the 'Notitia,' though dating only from the time of Diocletian (A.D. 296). But, on our theory, the same administrative divisions must have existed all along. See p. 225.] [Footnote 50: General Pitt Rivers, however, in his 'Excavations in Cranborne Chase' (vol. ii. p. 237), proves that the ancient water level in the chalk was fifty feet higher than at present, presumably owing to the greater forest area. "Dew ponds" may also have existed in these camps. But these can scarcely have provided any large supply of water.] [Footnote 51: The word is commonly supposed to represent a Celtic form _Mai-dun_. But this is not unquestionable.] [Footnote 52: 'De Bello Gall.' vi. 13.] [Footnote 53: 'De Bell. Gall.' vi. 14.] [Footnote 54: Jerome ('Quaest. in Gen.' ii.) says that Varro, Phlegon, and all learned authors testify to the spread of Greek [at the Christian era] "from Taurus to Britain." And Solinus (A.D. 80) tells of a Greek inscription in Caledonia, "ara Graecis literis scripta"--as a proof that Ulysses (!) had wandered thither (Solinus, 'Polyhistoria,' c. 22). See p. 248.] [Footnote 55: 'De Bell, Gall.' vi. 16.] [Footnote 56: 'Hist.' v. 31.] [Footnote 57: 'Celtic Britain,' p. 69.] [Footnote 58: 'Nat. Hist.' xvi. 95.] [Footnote 59: So Caesar, 'De Bell. Gall.' vi. 17.] [Footnote 60: Pliny, 'Nat. Hist.' xxiv. 62. Linnaeus has taken _selago_ as his name for club-moss, but Pliny here compares the herb to _savin_, which grows to the height of several feet. _Samolum_ is water-pimpernel in the Linnaean classification. Others identify it with the _pasch-flower_, which, however, is far from being a marsh plant.] [Footnote 61: Suetonius (A.D. 110), 'De xii. Caes.' v. 25.] [Footnote 62: Pliny, 'Nat. Hist.' xxx. 3.]