[Footnote 103: This was probably not Deal, which had not proved a satisfactory station, but Richborough, where the Wantsum, then a broad arm of the sea between Kent and Thanet, provided an excellent harbour for a large fleet. It was, moreover, the regular emporium of the tin trade (see p. 36), and a British trackway thus led to it.] [Footnote 104: Otherwise _Cadwallon_, which, according to Professor Rhys, signifies War King, and may possibly have been a title rather than a personal name. But it remained in use as the latter for many centuries of British history.] [Footnote 105: Vine, 'Caesar in Kent,' p. 171. The spot is "in Bourne Park, not far from the road leading up to Bridge Hill."] [Footnote 106: See p. 244.] [Footnote 107: See II. G. 8. The tradition of this sentiment long survived. Hegesippus (A.D. 150) says: "Britanni ... quidesse servitus ignorabant; soli sibi nati, semper sibi liberi" ('De Bello Judiaco,' II. 9).] [Footnote 108: Polyaenus (A.D. 180) in his 'Strategemata' (viii. 23) ascribes their panic to Caesar's elephant. See p. 107.] [Footnote 109: At Ilerda. See Dodge, 'Caesar,' xxviii.] [Footnote 110: Frontinus (A.D. 90), 'Strategemata II.' xiii. II.] [Footnote 111: Coins of all three bear the words COMMI. F. (_Commii Filius_), but Verica alone calls himself REX. Those of Eppillus were struck at Calleva (Silchester?).] [Footnote 112: See p. 54.] [Footnote 113: This is the spelling adopted by Suetonius.] [Footnote 114: The lion was already a specially British emblem. Ptolemy ('de Judiciis II.' 3) ascribes the special courage of Britons to the fact that they are astrologically influenced by Leo and Mars. It is interesting to remember that our success in the Crimean War was prognosticated from Mars being in Leo at its commencement (March 1854). Tennyson, in 'Maud,' has referred to this--"And pointed to Mars, As he hung like a ruddy shield on the Lion's breast."] [Footnote 115: See p. 38.] [Footnote 116: The site of this town is quite unknown. Caesar mentions the Segontiaci amongst the clans of S.E. Britain.] [Footnote 117: In S.E. Essex, near Colchester. See p. 176.] [Footnote 118: See pp. 109, 122.] [Footnote 119: Aelian (A.D. 220), 'De Nat. Animal.' xv. 8.] [Footnote 120: [Greek: Elephantina psalia, kai periauchenia, kai lingouria kai huala skeuê, kai rhôpos toioutos]. Strabo is commonly supposed to mean that these were the _imports_ from Gaul. But his words are quite ambiguous, and such of the articles he mentions as are found in Britain are clearly of native manufacture. British graves are fertile (see p. 48) in the "amber and glass ornaments" (the former being small roughly-shaped fragments pierced for threading, the latter coarse blue or green beads), and produce occasional armlets of narwhal ivory. Glass beads have been found (1898) in the British village near Glastonbury, and elsewhere.] [Footnote 121: Strabo, v. 278.] [Footnote 122: Propertius, II. 1. 73: Esseda caelatis siste Britanna jugis.]